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Inhalation of air, as part of the cycle of breathing, is a vital process for all human life.The process is autonomic (though there are exceptions in some disease states) and does not need conscious control or effort.
The dorsal respiratory group (DRG) has the most fundamental role in the control of respiration, initiating inspiration (inhalation). The DRG is a collection of neurons forming an elongated mass that extends most of the length of the dorsal medulla. They are near to the central canal of the spinal cord, and just behind the ventral group.
Ventilation is normally unconscious and automatic, but can be overridden by conscious alternative patterns. [3] Thus the emotions can cause yawning, laughing, sighing (etc.), social communication causes speech, song and whistling, while entirely voluntary overrides are used to blow out candles, and breath holding (for instance, to swim underwater).
In physiology, respiration is the transport of oxygen from the outside environment to the cells within tissues, and the removal of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction to the environment by a respiratory system.
The Hering–Breuer inflation reflex, named for Josef Breuer and Ewald Hering, [1] [2] [3] is a reflex triggered to prevent the over-inflation of the lung. Pulmonary stretch receptors present on the wall of bronchi and bronchioles of the airways respond to excessive stretching of the lung during large inspirations.
The relationship between the intra-pulmonary pressure and intra-pleural pressure is that the pressure becomes more negative during inspiration and allows air to get sucked in (Boyle's law) P vs V relationship and during expiration, the pressure becomes less negative (Note: still less than atmospheric pressure, also take note of the partial ...
Real-time magnetic resonance imaging of the human thorax during breathing X-ray video of a female American alligator while breathing. Breathing (spiration [1] or ventilation) is the rhythmical process of moving air into and out of the lungs to facilitate gas exchange with the internal environment, mostly to flush out carbon dioxide and bring in oxygen.
One of the most important functions of the ribs and diaphragm is the change in volume of the thorax that helps inspiration and expiration. [2] In general, the ribs move around two axes. [1] The anterior end of the rib is lower than the posterior end; therefore, during elevation of the rib, the anterior end also moves forwards.