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Drug induced: Use of progestin-only contraceptives, such as Depo Provera; Change in oral contraception; Overdose of anticoagulant medication or Aspirine abuse; Traumatic causes: Automutilation; Sexual abuse or rape; Related to pregnancy: Implantation bleeding; Ectopic pregnancy (Incomplete) miscarriage; Other causes: Enlarged uterus with menorrhea
Hormonal therapies to reduce or stop menstrual bleeding have long been used to manage a number of gynecologic conditions including menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea), heavy menstrual bleeding, irregular or other abnormal uterine bleeding, menstrual-related mood changes (premenstrual syndrome or premenstrual dysphoric disorder), and pelvic pain due to endometriosis or uterine fibroids.
Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), also known as depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) in injectable form and sold under the brand name Depo-Provera among others, is a hormonal medication of the progestin type. [10] [4] It is used as a method of birth control and as a part of menopausal hormone therapy.
2–10 mg/day Various: Estrogen: Sublingual: 1–8 mg/day Climara [c] Estrogen: TD patch: 25–400 μg/day Divigel [c] Estrogen: ... Provera: Progestogen: Oral: 2.5 ...
10–98 pg/mL Luteal phase 250 μg/day 240 μg/day 1200 L/day 699–1250 pmol/L 190–341 pg/mL Postmenopause 6 μg/day Insignificant 910 L/day <37–140 pmol/L 10–38 pg/mL Estrone sulfate: Follicular phase 100 μg/day Insignificant 146 L/day 700–3600 pmol/L 250–1300 pg/mL Luteal phase 180 μg/day Insignificant 146 L/day 1100–7300 pmol/L
ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). It contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of injury or diseases. [1]
Amenorrhea or amenorrhoea is the absence of a menstrual period in a female who has reached reproductive age. [1] Physiological states of amenorrhoea are most commonly seen during pregnancy and lactation ( breastfeeding ).
In particular, prostaglandins induce abdominal contractions that can cause pain and gastrointestinal symptoms. [8] [9] The use of certain types of birth control pills can prevent the symptoms of dysmenorrhea because they stop ovulation from occurring. Dysmenorrhea is associated with increased pain sensitivity and heavy menstrual bleeding. [10] [11]