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An operational amplifier (often op amp or opamp) is a DC-coupled electronic voltage amplifier with a differential input, a (usually) single-ended output, [1] and an extremely high gain. Its name comes from its original use of performing mathematical operations in analog computers .
In the example shown, the operational amplifier is used to reduce the distortion of a push-pull pair. Operational amplifiers are differential voltage amplifiers with very high gain (sometimes modeled as infinite gain). In an ideal model, the output of the op amp is held such that both inputs of the op amp must be at exactly the same voltage.
For example, operational amplifiers have a specified power supply rejection ratio that indicates how well the output can reject signals that appear on the power supply inputs. Power supply inputs are often noisy in large designs because the power supply is used by nearly every component in the design, and inductance effects prevent current from ...
The direct-coupled amplifier was influential in the development of Fairchild's uA709 operational amplifier by Bob Widlar, which Noyce knew about as he was one of the founders of Fairchild Semiconductors. The direct-coupled amplifier is also the basis for Philco's Mark I hearing aid, which used the circuit built with silicon alloy transistors.
The operational amplifier integrator is an electronic integration circuit. Based on the operational amplifier (op-amp), it performs the mathematical operation of integration with respect to time; that is, its output voltage is proportional to the input voltage integrated over time.
The LM13700 is an integrated circuit (IC) containing two current-controlled operational transconductance amplifiers (OTA), each having differential inputs and a push-pull output. [1] Linearizing diodes at the input can optionally be used by applying a bias current into I bias to reduce distortion and allow increased input levels.
In the sense used in this paragraph, bootstrapping an operational amplifier means "using a signal to drive the reference point of the op-amp's power supplies". [5] A more sophisticated use of this rail bootstrapping technique is to alter the non-linear C/V characteristic of the inputs of a JFET op-amp in order to decrease its distortion. [6] [7]
The operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) is an amplifier that outputs a current proportional to its input voltage. Thus, it is a voltage controlled current source (VCCS). Three types of OTAs are single-input single-output, differential-input single-output, and differential-input differential-output (a.k.a. fully differential), [ 1 ...