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In digital steganography, sensitive messages may be concealed by manipulating and storing information in the least significant bits of an image or a sound file.The user may later recover this information by extracting the least significant bits of the manipulated pixels to recover the original message.
The same image viewed by white, blue, green, and red lights reveals different hidden numbers. Steganography (/ ˌ s t ɛ ɡ ə ˈ n ɒ ɡ r ə f i / ⓘ STEG-ə-NOG-rə-fee) is the practice of representing information within another message or physical object, in such a manner that the presence of the concealed information would not be evident to an unsuspecting person's examination.
Concealing messages within the lowest bits of noisy images or sound files. A survey and evaluation of relevant literature/techniques on the topic of digital image steganography can be found here. [7] Concealing data within encrypted data or within random data.
BPCS-steganography (Bit-Plane Complexity Segmentation steganography) is a type of digital steganography. Digital steganography can hide confidential data (i.e. secret files) very securely by embedding them into some media data called "vessel data." The vessel data is also referred to as "carrier, cover, or dummy data". In BPCS-steganography ...
Steganographic file systems are a kind of file system first proposed by Ross Anderson, Roger Needham, and Adi Shamir.Their paper proposed two main methods of hiding data: in a series of fixed size files originally consisting of random bits on top of which 'vectors' could be superimposed in such a way as to allow levels of security to decrypt all lower levels but not even know of the existence ...
HAS-160 is a cryptographic hash function designed for use with the Korean KCDSA digital signature algorithm. It is derived from SHA-1, with assorted changes intended to increase its security. It produces a 160-bit output. HAS-160 is used in the same way as SHA-1. First it divides input in blocks of 512 bits each and pads the final block.
Given a 6-bit input, the 4-bit output is found by selecting the row using the outer two bits, and the column using the inner four bits. For example, an input "011011" has outer bits "01" and inner bits "1101"; noting that the first row is "00" and the first column is "0000", the corresponding output for S-box S 5 would be "1001" (=9), the value ...
The ciphertext C is contained in the first r bits of the result of the XOR. Decryption is near-identical to encryption. [ 8 ] The final stage that produces the tag T consists of another application of p a {\displaystyle p^{a}} ; the special values are XORed into the last c bits after the initialization, the end of A, and before the finalization.