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Absolute URLs are URLs that start with a scheme [5] (e.g., http:, https:, telnet:, mailto:) [6] and conform to scheme-specific syntax and semantics. For example, the HTTP scheme-specific syntax and semantics for HTTP URLs requires a "host" (web server address) and "absolute path", with optional components of "port" and "query".
The following examples show MS-DOS/Windows-style paths, with backslashes used to match the most common syntax: A:\Temp\File.txt This path points to a file with the name File.txt , located in the directory Temp , which in turn is located in the root directory of the drive A: .
These external relationships are expressed using URIs, typically as URLs. However absolute URLs only work when the network can reach them. Relying on remote resources makes XML processing susceptible to both planned and unplanned network downtime. Relative URLs are only useful in the context where they were initially created.
Microsoft .NET (for example, the method new Uri(path)) generally uses the 2-slash form; Java (for example, the method new URI(path)) generally uses the 4-slash form. Either form allows the most common operations on URIs (resolving relative URIs, and dereferencing to obtain a connection to the remote file) to be used successfully.
URL scheme used by Apple's internal issue-tracking system Apple (not public) rdar:// issue number example: rdar://10198949. Allows employees to link to internally-tracked issues from anywhere. Example of a private scheme which has leaked in to the public space and is widely seen on the internet, but can only be resolved by Apple employees. s3
In December 1994, RFC 1738 formally defined relative and absolute URLs, refined the general URL syntax, defined how to resolve relative URLs to absolute form, and better enumerated the URL schemes then in use. [9] The agreed definition and syntax of URNs had to wait until the publication of IETF RFC 2141 [10] in May 1997.
The PURL concept allows for generalized URL curation of HTTP URIs on the World Wide Web. PURLs allow third party control over both URL resolution and resource metadata provision. A URL is simply an address of a resource on the World Wide Web. A Persistent URL is an address on the World Wide Web that causes a redirection to another Web resource.
The following normalizations are described in RFC 3986 [1] to result in equivalent URIs: . Converting percent-encoded triplets to uppercase. The hexadecimal digits within a percent-encoding triplet of the URI (e.g., %3a versus %3A) are case-insensitive and therefore should be normalized to use uppercase letters for the digits A-F. [2] Example: