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In the course of avascular necrosis, however, the healing process is usually ineffective and the bone tissues break down faster than the body can repair them. If left untreated, the disease progresses, the bone collapses, [ 28 ] and the joint surface breaks down, leading to pain and arthritis.
The predictive value and prevalence of lymphovascular invasion is strongly dependent on the type of cancer. In other words, LVI in one type of cancer may be much less important than LVI in another type of cancer. Generally speaking, it is associated with lymph node metastases [2] [3] which themselves are predictive of a poorer prognosis. [4]
When cancer is suspected, a variety of biopsy techniques can be applied. An excisional biopsy is an attempt to remove an entire lesion. When the specimen is evaluated, in addition to diagnosis, the amount of uninvolved tissue around the lesion, the surgical margin of the specimen is examined to see if the disease has spread beyond the area ...
Endomicroscopy is a technique for obtaining histology-like images from inside the human body in real-time, [1] [2] [3] a process known as ‘optical biopsy’. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] It generally refers to fluorescence confocal microscopy , although multi-photon microscopy and optical coherence tomography have also been adapted for endoscopic use.
The concept of the sentinel lymph node is important because of the advent of the sentinel lymph node biopsy technique, also known as a sentinel node procedure.This technique is used in the staging of certain types of cancer to see if they have spread to any lymph nodes, since lymph node metastasis is one of the most important prognostic signs.
Cancer cells often opportunistically switch between different kinds of motion. Some cancer researchers hope to find treatments that can stop or at least slow down the spread of cancer by somehow blocking some necessary step in one or more kinds of motion. [16] [17] All steps of the metastatic cascade involve a number of physical processes.
A liquid biopsy, also known as fluid biopsy or fluid phase biopsy, is the sampling and analysis of non-solid biological tissue, primarily blood. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Like traditional biopsy , this type of technique is mainly used as a diagnostic and monitoring tool for diseases such as cancer , with the added benefit of being largely non-invasive.
MRI-guided prostate biopsy appears to be superior to standard TRUS-biopsy in prostate cancer detection. Several groups in the U.S., [15] [16] and Europe, [17] [18] have demonstrated that targeted biopsies obtained with fusion imaging are more likely to reveal cancer than blind systematic biopsies. In 2015, AdMeTech Foundation, American College ...