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CNE is a necrotizing inflammation of the small bowel (especially the jejunum but also the ileum). Clinical results may vary from mild diarrhea to a life-threatening sequence of severe abdominal pain, vomiting (often bloody), bloody stool, ulceration of the small intestine with leakage (perforation) into the peritoneal cavity and possible death within a single day due to peritonitis.
In children, congenital pyloric stenosis / congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis may be a cause. A pancreatic pseudocyst can cause gastric compression. Pyloric mucosal diaphragm could be a rare cause. Malignant Tumours of the stomach, including adenocarcinoma (and its linitis plastica variant), lymphoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumours
However, infected pigs may not exhibit any symptoms. [9] Although mortality is usually low (around 1–4%), [2] the virus can cause weight loss and poor growth, in turn causing economic loss to farmers. [8] Infected pigs can lose up to 12 pounds of body weight over a three- to four-week period. [8]
The preferred treatment in those with mild to moderate dehydration is oral rehydration therapy (ORT). [24] For children at risk of dehydration from vomiting, taking a single dose of the anti vomiting medication metoclopramide or ondansetron, may be helpful, [55] and butylscopolamine is useful in treating abdominal pain. [56]
Rapid treatment may kill adult worms and thereby stop further worsening of symptoms. [4] Both medications are considered safe but have been associated with side effects such as bone marrow suppression. [4] Their use during pregnancy or in children under the age of 2 years is poorly studied but appears to be safe. [4]
The 2012 deaths of 64 of 66 children in Cambodia affected with a complex syndrome including meningitis and pneumonia has been linked to a multiple infection of the children with Dengue fever, Enterovirus 71 and S. suis [8] The use of steroids in the treatment of the severe illness has also been associated with the deaths, and the WHO has ...
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Feedback is a common practice used in the pork industry where infected deceased pigs and their manure are fed to breeding pigs. It is also called controlled oral exposure or sometimes oral controlled exposure. It is done in an attempt to make the breeding pigs garner some degree of immunity to circulating diseases. [1]