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The charge on a polyelectrolyte depends on the different properties of the solution, such as the degree of dissociation of the monomer units, the solvent properties, salt concentration, pH, and temperature. Polymers become charged through the dissociation of the monomer side groups. If more monomer side groups are dissociated, the polymer has a ...
In polymer chemistry, emulsion polymerization is a type of radical polymerization that usually starts with an emulsion incorporating water, monomers, and surfactants.The most common type of emulsion polymerization is an oil-in-water emulsion, in which droplets of monomer (the oil) are emulsified (with surfactants) in a continuous phase of water.
Solution polymerization is a method of industrial polymerization. In this procedure, a monomer is dissolved in a non-reactive solvent that contains a catalyst or initiator . The reaction results in a polymer which is also soluble in the chosen solvent.
In solutions this behavior is known as wetting, and it occurs as a result of surfactants adsorbing to the air/water interface. [2] Soluble surfactants are also capable of forming micelles and other aggregate structures in solution, leading to a stabilizing effect in latex paints. Surfactants in paint are used to change many end properties of a ...
A range of different emulsifiers or surfactants are used to emulsify waxes. These can be anionic, cationic or non-ionic in nature. The most common however are fatty alcohol ethoxylates as non-ionic surfactants due to their superb stability against hard water, pH-shock and electrolytes.
Its stability and relative nontoxicity allows it to be used as a detergent and emulsifier in a number of domestic, scientific, and pharmacological applications. As the name implies, the ethoxylation process leaves the molecule with 20 repeat units of polyethylene glycol ; in practice these are distributed across 4 different chains, leading to a ...
In polymer chemistry, cationic polymerization is a type of chain growth polymerization in which a cationic initiator transfers charge to a monomer, which then becomes reactive. This reactive monomer goes on to react similarly with other monomers to form a polymer .
it is an ingredient in Photo-Flo, a solution used in photographic processing to prevent minerals from water being deposited on the film after drying. Apart from laboratory use, Triton X-100 can be found in several types of cleaning compounds, [ 7 ] ranging from heavy-duty industrial products to gentle detergents.
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