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Main symptoms of acute HIV infection. Acute HIV infection, primary HIV infection or acute seroconversion syndrome [1]: 416 is the first stage of HIV infection. It occurs after the incubation stage, before the latency stage, and the potential AIDS succeeding the latency stage.
The immune system mounts an acute effort to resolve the HIV infection during the seroconversion period. Following this period, the immune system temporarily contains the infection. The symptoms of seroconversion lessen and disappear in most people, with HIV entering a stage of clinical latency. At this stage, the infection remains within the ...
HIV infections are broken down into three stages: acute infection, asymptomatic infection, and AIDS. The acute infection stage refers to the first weeks after infection, where the majority of infected individuals display severe flu-like symptoms such as fever, myalgia , sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, arthralgia , fatigue, headache, and ...
This acute viremia is associated in virtually all people with the activation of CD8 + T cells, which kill HIV-infected cells, and subsequently with antibody production, or seroconversion. The CD8 + T cell response is thought to be important in controlling virus levels, which peak and then decline, as the CD4 + T cell counts rebound.
HIV is a retrovirus that primarily infects components of the human immune system such as CD4 + T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. It directly and indirectly destroys CD4 + T cells. [88] HIV is a member of the genus Lentivirus, [89] part of the family Retroviridae. [90] Lentiviruses share many morphological and biological characteristics.
Antibody tests may give false negative (no antibodies were detected despite the presence of HIV) results during the window period, hence an interval of three weeks to six months between the time of HIV exposure and the production of measurable antibodies to HIV seroconversion is implemented. Most people develop detectable antibodies ...
WHO Disease Staging System for HIV Infection and Disease was first produced in 1990 by the World Health Organization [1] and updated in 2007. [2] It is an approach for use in resource limited settings and is widely used in Africa and Asia and has been a useful research tool in studies of progression to symptomatic HIV disease .
HIV testing should be repeated four to six weeks and three months after exposure. [20] People may experience signs and symptoms of acute HIV infection, including fever, fatigue, myalgia, and skin rash, while taking PEP. CDC recommends seeking medical attention for evaluation if these signs and symptoms occur during or after the month of PEP.