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Archaic globalization is a phase in the history of globalization, and conventionally refers to globalizing events and developments from the time of the earliest civilizations until roughly 1600 (the following period is known as early modern globalization). Archaic globalization describes the relationships between communities and states and how ...
The historical origins of globalization (also known as historical globalization) are the subject of ongoing debate. Though many scholars situate the origins of globalization in the modern era (around the 19th century ), others regard it as a phenomenon with a long history, dating back thousands of years (a concept known as archaic globalization ).
History of globalization – generally broken-down into three periods: Archaic, Proto-globalization, and Modern. The Archaic period is defined as events and developments from the time of the earliest civilizations until roughly 1600. The period of Proto-globalization roughly spans the years between 1600 and 1800. It was largely shaped in this ...
Proto-globalization held on to and matured many aspects of archaic globalization such as the importance of cities, migrants, and specialization of labor. [ 3 ] Proto-globalization was also marked by two main political and economic developments: "the reconfiguration of the state systems, and the growth of finance, services, and pre-industrial ...
This archaic globalization existed during the Hellenistic Age, when commercialized urban centers enveloped the axis of Greek culture that reached from India to Spain, including Alexandria and the other Alexandrine cities. Early on, the geographic position of Greece and the necessity of importing wheat forced the Greeks to engage in maritime trade.
Trade became increasingly important as urban societies exchanged manufactured goods for raw materials from distant lands, creating vast commercial networks and the beginnings of archaic globalization. [92] Bronze production in Southwest Asia, for example, required the import of tin from as far away as England. [93]
For example, Luoyang was known for its flower cultivation; flower prices reached such exorbitant prices that one bulb reached the price of 10,000 coins. [147] An important new crop introduced during the Song was Champa rice, a new breed which had superior yields to earlier forms of rice and greatly increased rice production. [ 148 ]
Jan Pieterse suggested that cultural globalization involves human integration and hybridization, arguing that it is possible to detect cultural mixing across continents and regions going back many centuries. [12] They refer, for example, to the movement of religious practices, language and culture brought by Spanish colonization of the Americas ...