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The ICD-10 Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) is a set of diagnosis codes used in the United States of America. [1] It was developed by a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human services, [ 2 ] as an adaption of the ICD-10 with authorization from the World Health Organization .
ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). It contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of injury or diseases. [1]
The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is a globally used medical classification used in epidemiology, health management and for clinical purposes.The ICD is maintained by the World Health Organization (WHO), which is the directing and coordinating authority for health within the United Nations System. [1]
The ICD-10 Procedure Coding System (ICD-10-PCS) is a US system of medical classification used for procedural coding.The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, the agency responsible for maintaining the inpatient procedure code set in the U.S., contracted with 3M Health Information Systems in 1995 to design and then develop a procedure classification system to replace Volume 3 of ICD-9-CM.
Coding diagnoses and procedures is the assignment of codes from a code set that follows the rules of the underlying classification or other coding guidelines. The current version of the ICD, ICD-10, was endorsed by WHO in 1990. WHO Member states began using the ICD-10 classification system from 1994 for both morbidity and mortality reporting.
Classification System Detail ICD-9-CM: Volumes 1 and 2 only. Volume 3 contains Procedure codes: ICD-10: The international standard since about 1998 ICPC-2: Also includes reasons for encounter (RFE), procedure codes and process of care
For accounting, the Australian health administration generated a code of Diagnosis-related groups which in effect again deviates from the WHO basis. The same phenomenon applies to DRG codes in Germany and other countries. Other codes generated by the UN accredited International Standards Organisation ISO defined a deviating scope. [9]
PPD is also linked with significant reductions in insular cortex volume, [10] although this may be caused by the secondary hyponatraemia. It has been suggested that these deficits lead to moderate to severe cognitive impairments , especially affecting working memory , verbal memory, executive function , attention and motor speed.