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[13] The term "tokamak" was coined in 1957 [14] by Igor Golovin, a student of academician Igor Kurchatov.It originally sounded like "tokamag" ("токамаг") — an acronym of the words "toroidal chamber magnetic" ("тороидальная камера магнитная"), but Natan Yavlinsky, the author of the first toroidal system, proposed replacing "-mag" with "-mak" for euphony. [15]
Tokamak's constraint solver does not involve solving large matrices, thereby avoiding memory bandwidth limitations on some game consoles. The SDK supports a variety of joint types and joint limits and a realistic friction model. Tokamak is optimized for stacking large numbers of objects - a frequently requested feature by game developers.
SPARC is a tokamak under development by Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS) in collaboration with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Plasma Science and Fusion Center (PSFC). [1] Funding has come from Eni , [ 2 ] Breakthrough Energy Ventures , Khosla Ventures , Temasek , Equinor , Devonshire Investors, and others.
Toroidal machines can be axially symmetric, like the tokamak and the reversed field pinch (RFP), or asymmetric, like the stellarator.The additional degree of freedom gained by giving up toroidal symmetry might ultimately be usable to produce better confinement, but the cost is complexity in the engineering, the theory, and the experimental diagnostics.
ITER also represents the most typical fusion reactor at this point, which is the tokamak; this is a donut-shaped canister where extremely powerful magnets control a swirling plasma that reaches ...
The mainline confinement concepts of tokamak and stellarator do this in a toroidal chamber, which allows a great deal of control over the magnetic configuration, but requires a very complex construction. The field-reversed configuration offers an alternative in that the field lines are closed, providing good confinement, but the chamber is ...
The tokamak became a topic of serious discussion in 1968, when the Soviets published new data showing them to be far better than any other fusion device. This generated significant skepticism among other researchers and it was some time before the PPPL was convinced to convert their Model C stellarator to the tokamak configuration.
Until its shutdown in 2016, it was one of the major fusion research facilities in the United States. Alcator C-Mod was the third of the Alcator (Alto Campo Toro, High Field Torus) tokamak series, following Alcator A (1973–1979) and Alcator C (1978–1987). It was the largest fusion reactor operated by any university and was an integral part ...