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In biology, co-adaptation is the process by which two or more species, genes or phenotypic traits undergo adaptation as a pair or group. This occurs when two or more interacting characteristics undergo natural selection together in response to the same selective pressure or when selective pressures alter one characteristic and consecutively alter the interactive characteristic.
Paramecium aurelia and Paramecium caudatum grow well individually, but when they compete for the same resources, P. aurelia outcompetes P. caudatum.. Based on field observations, Joseph Grinnell formulated the principle of competitive exclusion in 1904: "Two species of approximately the same food habits are not likely to remain long evenly balanced in numbers in the same region.
[4] [13] The aa-tRNA then fully enters the A-site, where its amino acid is brought near the P-site's polypeptide and the ribosome catalyzes the covalent transfer of the polypeptide onto the amino acid. [10] In the cytoplasm, the deactivated EF-Tu • GDP is acted on by the prokaryotic elongation factor EF-Ts, which causes EF-Tu to release its ...
EF-Tu: eEF-1A (α) [2] mediates the entry of the aminoacyl tRNA into a free site of the ribosome. [4] EF-Ts: eEF-1B (β γ) [2] serves as the guanine nucleotide exchange factor for EF-Tu, catalyzing the release of GDP from EF-Tu. [2] EF-G: eEF-2: catalyzes the translocation of the tRNA and mRNA down the ribosome at the end of each round of ...
Diaminopimelic acid (DAP) is an amino acid, representing an epsilon-carboxy derivative of lysine. meso -α,ε-Diaminopimelic acid is the last intermediate in the biosynthesis of lysine and undergoes decarboxylation by diaminopimelate decarboxylase to give the final product.
The concept of gene co-expression networks was first introduced by Butte and Kohane in 1999 as relevance networks. [6] They gathered the measurement data of medical laboratory tests (e.g. hemoglobin level ) for a number of patients and they calculated the Pearson correlation between the results for each pair of tests and the pairs of tests which showed a correlation higher than a certain level ...
Waddington used the concept of canalisation to explain his experiments on genetic assimilation. [3] In these experiments, he exposed Drosophila pupae to heat shock. This environmental disturbance caused some flies to develop a crossveinless phenotype.
EF-Tu (blue) is the ligand of EFR [1] EFR enables an immune response to elf18, a sequence of EF-Tu [2]. EF-Tu receptor, abbreviated as EFR, is a pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) that binds to the prokaryotic protein EF-Tu (elongation factor thermo unstable) in Arabidopsis thaliana (and other members of Brassicaceae).