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  2. Visual flight rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_flight_rules

    VFR requires a pilot to be able to see outside the cockpit to control the aircraft's altitude, navigate, and avoid obstacles and other aircraft. [3] Governing agencies establish specific requirements for VFR flight, including minimum visibility, and distance from clouds, to ensure that aircraft operating under VFR are visible from enough distance to ensure safety.

  3. VFR-on-top - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VFR-on-Top

    While flying VFR-on-top, pilots are required to stay in an appropriate VFR altitude, maintain the required VFR visibility and cloud clearance requirement, while comply with other IFR requirements (minimum IFR altitudes, position reporting, radio communications, course to be flown, adherence to ATC clearance, etc). [2] [3]

  4. Lowest safe altitude - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowest_safe_altitude

    Minimum obstacle clearance altitude (MOCA), an altitude which provides a predetermined vertical clearance from known obstacles within a predetermined corridor along the specified flight segment. For a published procedure, the greater of these two altitudes is the altitude which must be adhered to during that segment, and is called the Minimum ...

  5. Maximum elevation figure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_Elevation_Figure

    Maximum elevation figure (MEF) is a type of visual flight rule (VFR) information that indicates the elevation of the highest geographical feature within a GEOREF quadrangle area. It is of interest to pilots, who want to be aware of the highest mountain peaks and tall towers nearby, so that they can fly above them to avoid controlled flight into ...

  6. Visual meteorological conditions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_meteorological...

    VFR / VMC visibility requirements in the US. In aviation, visual meteorological conditions (VMC) is an aviation flight category in which visual flight rules (VFR) flight is permitted—that is, conditions in which pilots have sufficient visibility to fly the aircraft maintaining visual separation from terrain and other aircraft.

  7. VFR over-the-top - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VFR_Over-The-Top

    In Germany VFR OTT (Flüge nach Sichtflugregeln über Wolkendecken) is allowed and regulated in §32 LuftVO. [6] The requirements are: minimum height of 1,000 ft (305 m) above ground or water, minimum weather requirements for airspace E met; pilot is capable of keeping the planned course

  8. Flight level - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_level

    Therefore, a pressure altitude of 32,000 ft (9,800 m) is referred to as "flight level 320". In metre altitudes the format is Flight Level xx000 metres. Flight levels are usually designated in writing as FLxxx, where xxx is a two- or three-digit number indicating the pressure altitude in units of 100 feet (30 m). In radio communications, FL290 ...

  9. Reduced vertical separation minima - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced_vertical...

    Reduced vertical separation minimum (RVSM) is the reduction, from 2,000 feet to 1,000 feet, of the standard vertical separation required between aircraft flying between flight level 290 (29,000 ft) and flight level 410 (41,000 ft).