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In polymer chemistry, emulsion polymerization is a type of radical polymerization that usually starts with an emulsion incorporating water, monomers, and surfactants.The most common type of emulsion polymerization is an oil-in-water emulsion, in which droplets of monomer (the oil) are emulsified (with surfactants) in a continuous phase of water.
For example, for the polymerization of ethylene, 93.6 kJ of energy are released per mole of monomer. [8] The manner in which polymerization is conducted is a highly evolved technology. Methods include emulsion polymerization, solution polymerization, suspension polymerization, and precipitation polymerization.
The kinetics of microemulsion polymerization has much in common with emulsion polymerization kinetics, the most characteristic feature of which is the compartmentalization, where the radicals growing inside the particles are separated from each other, thus suppressing termination to a high extent and, as a consequence, providing high rates of ...
All polymerization occurs in the continuous phase, rather than on both sides of the interface between the continuous phase and the core material. In situ polymerization of such formaldehyde systems usually involves the emulsification of an oil-phase in water. Then, water-soluble urea/melamine formaldehyde resin monomers are added, which are ...
MCC has use in cosmetics as an abrasive, absorbent, anti-caking agent, aqueous viscosity increasing agent, binder, bulking agent, emulsion stabilizer, slip modifier, and texturizer, [4] [5] which can be found in various hair and skin care products as well as makeup. The MCC is a valuable additive in pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and other ...
A miniemulsion (also known as nanoemulsion) is a particular type of emulsion.A miniemulsion is obtained by ultrasonicating a mixture comprising two immiscible liquid phases (for example, oil and water), one or more surfactants and, possibly, one or more co-surfactants (typical examples are hexadecane or cetyl alcohol).
An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (unmixable or unblendable) owing to liquid-liquid phase separation.
The emulsifying property of surfactants is also the basis for emulsion polymerization. Micelles may also have important roles in chemical reactions. Micellar chemistry uses the interior of micelles to harbor chemical reactions, which in some cases can make multi-step chemical synthesis more feasible.