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In Microsoft Windows, I 2 C is implemented by the respective device drivers of much of the industry's available hardware. For HID embedded/SoC devices, Windows 8 and later have an integrated I²C bus driver. [28] In Windows CE, I 2 C is implemented by the respective device drivers of much of the industry's available hardware.
Bit banging is a term of art that describes a method of digital data transmission as using general-purpose input/output (GPIO) instead of computer hardware that is intended specifically for data communication.' [1] Controlling software is responsible for satisfying protocol requirements including timing which can be challenging due to limited host system resources and competing demands on the ...
The System Management Bus (SMBus or SMB) is a single-ended simple two-wire bus for the purpose of lightweight communication. Most commonly it is found in chipsets of computer motherboards for communication with the power source for ON/OFF instructions.
Input/output Buffer Information Specification (IBIS) is a specification of a method for integrated circuit vendors to provide information about the input/output buffers of their product to their prospective customers without revealing the intellectual property of their implementation and without requiring proprietary encryption keys. [1]
But reset, simple addressed reads and writes, movement of blocks of data, and indivisible bus cycles all work without tags. Wishbone is open source . To prevent preemption of its technologies by aggressive patenting, the Wishbone specification includes examples of prior art , to prove its concepts are in the public domain.
Using a standardized interface and protocol allows systems-management software based on IPMI to manage multiple, disparate servers. As a message-based, hardware-level interface specification, IPMI operates independently of the operating system (OS) to allow administrators to manage a system remotely in the absence of an operating system or of the system management software.
Some very low-cost home computers or embedded systems that lack a physical UART may instead emulate the protocol with software by sampling the state of an input port or directly manipulating an output port for data transmission. While very CPU-intensive (since the CPU timing is critical), the UART chip can thus be omitted, saving money and space.
In 8-bit mode, all transfers happen in one cycle of the enable pin (E) with all 8 bits on the data bus and the RS and R/ W pins stable. In 4-bit mode, data are transferred as pairs of 4-bit " nibbles " on the upper data pins, D7–D4, with two enable pulses and the RS and R/ W pins stable.