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The I 2 C reference design has a 7-bit address space, with a rarely used 10-bit extension. [4] Common I 2 C bus speeds are the 100 kbit/s standard mode and the 400 kbit/s fast mode. There is also a 10 kbit/s low-speed mode, but arbitrarily low clock frequencies are also allowed.
In particular its specifications include an Address Resolution Protocol that can make dynamic address allocations. Dynamic reconfiguration of the hardware and software allow bus devices to be ‘hot-plugged’ and used immediately, without restarting the system. The devices are recognized automatically and assigned unique addresses.
Input/output Buffer Information Specification (IBIS) is a specification of a method for integrated circuit vendors to provide information about the input/output buffers of their product to their prospective customers without revealing the intellectual property of their implementation and without requiring proprietary encryption keys. [1]
Some very low-cost home computers or embedded systems that lack a physical UART may instead emulate the protocol with software by sampling the state of an input port or directly manipulating an output port for data transmission. While very CPU-intensive (since the CPU timing is critical), the UART chip can thus be omitted, saving money and space.
Bit banging is a term of art that describes a method of digital data transmission as using general-purpose input/output (GPIO) instead of computer hardware that is intended specifically for data communication.' [1] Controlling software is responsible for satisfying protocol requirements including timing which can be challenging due to limited host system resources and competing demands on the ...
Asynchronous start-stop is the lower data-link layer used to connect computers to modems for many dial-up Internet access applications, using a second (encapsulating) data link framing protocol such as PPP to create packets made up out of asynchronous serial characters. The most common physical layer interface used is RS-232D.
But reset, simple addressed reads and writes, movement of blocks of data, and indivisible bus cycles all work without tags. Wishbone is open source . To prevent preemption of its technologies by aggressive patenting, the Wishbone specification includes examples of prior art , to prove its concepts are in the public domain.
A key principle of design is to prohibit access to all resources by default, allowing access only through well-defined entry points, i.e., interfaces. [7] Software interfaces provide access to computer resources (such as memory, CPU, storage, etc.) of the underlying computer system; direct access (i.e., not through well-designed interfaces) to ...