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Data from 1992 to 1993 onward are based on FEDAI (Foreign Exchange Dealers' Association of India) indicative rates. Data from 1971 to 1972–73 for the Deutsche Mark and the Japanese Yen are cross rates with the US Dollar. The Euro replaced the Deutsche Mark w.e.f. January 1, 1999.
IDR's are based on the original American depositary receipts that were first introduced in 1927 in the US.. The Ministry of Corporate Affairs of the Government of India, using section 642 read with section 605A had prescribed the Companies (Issue of Indian Depository Receipts) Rules, 2004 (IDR Rules) vide notification number GSR 131(E) dated February 23, 2004.
It consisted of copper 1 ⁄ 12, 1 ⁄ 4 and 1 ⁄ 2 anna, silver 1 ⁄ 4, 1 ⁄ 3 and 1 rupee and gold 1 and 2 mohurs. In 1841, silver 2 annas were added, followed by copper 1 ⁄ 2 pice in 1853. The coinage of the EIC continued to be issued until 1862, even after the company had been taken over by the Crown .
IDR may refer to: Indonesian rupiah, by ISO 4217 currency code; Devi Ahilyabai Holkar International Airport, Indore, India, by IATA code; Instantaneous Decoding Refresh in H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video, see Network Abstraction Layer; Incentive Distribution Rights, see Master limited partnership
By 1978, the combination of a fall in oil prices and a decrease in foreign reserves meant that the rupiah was devalued 33% to Rp. 625 to US$1 on 16 November 1978 (although prices had increased nearly fourfold over the period). The government abandoned the fixed exchange rate, and altered economic policy to a form of a managed float.
The Dutch East India Company in the 17th century imported chiefly silver coin, in the form of Dutch small silver 1, 2, and 6 stuiver coins, as well as the Spanish dollar (the most popular trade coin) and Dutch trade coinage. They helped provide smaller change by selling tin to the cash mints, but generally did not produce or import it themselves.
The service sector makes up 55.6% of GDP, the industrial sector 26.3% and the agricultural sector 18.1%. India's foreign exchange remittances of US$100 billion in 2022, [308] highest in the world, were contributed to its economy by 32 million Indians working in foreign countries. [309]
In 1858, Allahabad (now Prayagraj) became the capital of India for a day when it also served as the capital of North-Western Provinces. [3] During the British Raj, until 1911, Calcutta was the capital of India. [4] By the latter half of the 19th century, Shimla had become the summer capital. [5]