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The central nucleus of the IC is a nearly obligatory relay in the ascending auditory system, and most likely acts to integrate information (specifically regarding sound source localization from the superior olivary complex [13] and dorsal cochlear nucleus) before sending it to the thalamus and cortex. [1]
An ear is the organ that enables hearing and (in mammals) body balance using the vestibular system. In mammals, the ear is usually described as having three parts: the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear. The outer ear consists of the pinna and the ear canal. Since the outer ear is the only visible portion of the ear in most animals ...
The cochlear nerve (also auditory nerve or acoustic nerve) is one of two parts of the vestibulocochlear nerve, a cranial nerve present in amniotes, the other part being the vestibular nerve. The cochlear nerve carries auditory sensory information from the cochlea of the inner ear directly to the brain. The other portion of the vestibulocochlear ...
The acoustic reflex (also known as the stapedius reflex, [1] stapedial reflex, [2] auditory reflex, [3] middle-ear-muscle reflex (MEM reflex, MEMR), [4] attenuation reflex, [5] cochleostapedial reflex [6] or intra-aural reflex [6]) is an involuntary muscle contraction that occurs in the middle ear in response to loud sound stimuli or when the person starts to vocalize.
Hearing, or auditory perception, is the ability to perceive sounds through an organ, such as an ear, by detecting vibrations as periodic changes in the pressure of a surrounding medium. [1] The academic field concerned with hearing is auditory science. Wikiversity has learning resources about Global Audiology.
The central auditory system converges inputs from both ears onto neurons within the brainstem. This system contains many subcortical nuclei that collect, integrate, and analyze afferent signals from the ears, for extraction and analysis of the dimensions of sounds. The outcome is a representation of auditory space and auditory objects. [3] [11]
Human auditory system. Sound localization is the process of determining the location of a sound source. The brain utilizes subtle differences in intensity, spectral, and timing cues to localize sound sources. [3][4][5] Localization can be described in terms of three-dimensional position: the azimuth or horizontal angle, the elevation or ...
Auditosensory cortex. The auditosensory cortex is the part of the auditory system that is associated with the sense of hearing in humans. It occupies the bilateral primary auditory cortex in the temporal lobe of the mammalian brain. [1] The term is used to describe Brodmann areas 41 and 42 together with the transverse temporal gyrus. [2]
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