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Basal insulin (long-acting or ultra-long-acting) helps to manage blood glucose between meals. While bolus (rapid- or short-acting) insulin helps to manage blood glucose at meals. With a basal-bolus regimen, you may have four or more injections per day.
Types of insulin include rapid-, regular-, intermediate-, and long-acting, based on how long they take to start working. You may take a combination of these when managing type 2 diabetes.
Short-acting: Also called regular insulin, this form takes about 30 minutes to work fully and lasts 3 to 8 hours. You should take short-acting insulin 30 to 60 minutes before a meal.
There are three main groups of insulins: Fast-acting, Intermediate-acting and Long-acting insulin. Fast-acting insulin: Is absorbed quickly from your fat tissue (subcutaneous) into the bloodstream. Is used to control the blood sugar during meals and snacks and to correct high blood sugars. Includes:
Combines intermediate- and short-acting insulin. Usually taken 10 to 30 minutes before breakfast and dinner. Learn about different types of insulin and their effect on blood sugar, and ways to take insulin.
Short-acting insulin is a liquid available over-the-counter (OTC) under different brand names: Humulin® R. Novolin® R. OTC insulins use older forms of insulin (synthetic human insulin), while newer prescription insulins (insulin analogs) better mimic human insulin.
Insulins are typically classified as rapid-acting, regular or short-acting, intermediate-acting, long-acting, and ultra-long acting. Combination insulins, that mix together different types, for example, rapid-acting insulin with intermediate-acting insulin, are also available.
Short-acting (Regular) and rapid-acting insulins (Aspart, Lispro, Glulisine) are recommended for patients with type 1, type 2, or gestational diabetes. They may also be used in other types of diabetes.
Regular or Short-Acting Insulin: It usually reaches the bloodstream within 30 minutes after injection, peaks anywhere from two to three hours after injection, and is effective for approximately three to six hours. Types: Human Regular (Humulin R, Novolin R, Velosulin R)
Short-acting insulin is similar to rapid-acting insulin, but is slower to work. Because it’s slower, you need to take it around 25 minutes before you eat. Actrapid and Humulin S are some brands you could be prescribed. Short-acting insulin takes about 30 to 60 minutes to start working and lasts 5 to 8 hours.