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Mel scale. The mel scale (after the word melody) [1] is a perceptual scale of pitches judged by listeners to be equal in distance from one another. The reference point between this scale and normal frequency measurement is defined by assigning a perceptual pitch of 1000 mels to a 1000 Hz tone, 40 dB above the listener's threshold.
A 3D spectrogram: The RF spectrum of a battery charger is shown over time. A spectrogram is a visual representation of the spectrum of frequencies of a signal as it varies with time. When applied to an audio signal, spectrograms are sometimes called sonographs, voiceprints, or voicegrams.
Spectral density. The spectral density of a fluorescent light as a function of optical wavelength shows peaks at atomic transitions, indicated by the numbered arrows. The voice waveform over time (left) has a broad audio power spectrum (right). In signal processing, the power spectrum of a continuous time signal describes the distribution of ...
Mel-frequency cepstrum. In sound processing, the mel-frequency cepstrum (MFC) is a representation of the short-term power spectrum of a sound, based on a linear cosine transform of a log power spectrum on a nonlinear mel scale of frequency. Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) are coefficients that collectively make up an MFC. [1]
GNU Octave is a scientific programming language for scientific computing and numerical computation. Octave helps in solving linear and nonlinear problems numerically, and for performing other numerical experiments using a language that is mostly compatible with MATLAB. It may also be used as a batch-oriented language.
Audio signal processing is a subfield of signal processing that is concerned with the electronic manipulation of audio signals. Audio signals are electronic representations of sound waves — longitudinal waves which travel through air, consisting of compressions and rarefactions. The energy contained in audio signals or sound power level is ...
Linear predictive coding (LPC) is a method used mostly in audio signal processing and speech processing for representing the spectral envelope of a digital signal of speech in compressed form, using the information of a linear predictive model. [1][2] LPC is the most widely used method in speech coding and speech synthesis.
Sample-rate conversion. Sample-rate conversion, sampling-frequency conversion or resampling is the process of changing the sampling rate or sampling frequency of a discrete signal to obtain a new discrete representation of the underlying continuous signal. [1] Application areas include image scaling [2] and audio/visual systems, where different ...