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On 7 July 1995, the IMO adopted a comprehensive revision of STCW. It also included a proposal to develop a new STCW Code, which would contain the technical details associated with provisions of the Convention. The amendments entered force on 1 February 1997. [7] Full implementation was required by 1 February 2002 [8] [citation needed].
The amendments, to be known as “The Manila amendments to the STCW Convention and Code” entered into force on 1 January 2012 with full compliance by 1 January 2017. Amongst the amendments adopted, there are a number of important changes to the Convention and Code.
In December 2002, new amendments to the 1974 SOLAS Convention were enacted by the IMO. These amendments gave rise to the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code, which went into effect on 1 July 2004. The concept of the code is to provide layered and redundant defences against smuggling, terrorism, piracy, stowaways, etc.
The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) amended STCW 95 (also known as the Manila Amendment) on June 25, 2010, to introduce the certified position of Electro-technical officer in place of Electrical officers. [7]
Merchant Mariner Credential. The Merchant Mariner Credential (MMC) is a credential issued by the United States Coast Guard in accordance with guidelines of the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) to United States seafarers in order to show evidence of a mariner's qualifications. [1]
A master mariner is therefore allowed to serve as the master of a merchant ship [2] for which national and international requirements apply under the STCW Convention. [3] [1] Regulation II/2 sets out requirements for Master Mariners.
The White List is a list of countries assessed by the International Maritime Organization as properly implementing the STCW-95 convention. Last list (as of 2024) was published by Maritime Safety Committee (MSC), at its 104th session (4 to 8 October 2021). It comprises 131 countries: Albania; Algeria; Antigua and Barbuda; Argentina; Australia ...
The STCW Code was last amended in 2018, [31] therefore it is fairly outdated and lacks training standards related to any level of MASS autonomy. Insufficient and improper education of autonomous ships rapidly increases the chances of ship collision.