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Discussion on the brain's criticality have been done since 1950, with the paper on the imitation game for a Turing test. [9] In 1995, Andreas V. Herz and John Hopfield noted that self-organized criticality (SOC) models for earthquakes were mathematically equivalent to networks of integrate-and-fire neurons, and speculated that perhaps SOC would occur in the brain. [10]
There are three types of brain connectivity models of a network (Sporns, O. (2007) [6]). "Anatomical (or structural) connectivity" describes a network with anatomical links having specified relationship between connected "units". If the dependent properties are stochastic, it is defined as "functional connectivity".
Brain networks are not immutable, static constructs; rather those networks are highly variable based on multiple time scales. Data on time-varying brain graphs generally takes the form of time series (or stacks) of graphs that form an ordered series of snapshots, for example data recorded in the course of learning or across developmental stages.
UDM – Urban dispersion model is a Gaussian puff based model for predicting the dispersion of atmospheric pollutants in the range of 10m to 25 km throughout the urban environment. It is developed by the Defense Science and Technology Laboratory for the UK Ministry of Defence. It handles instantaneous, continuous, and pool releases, and can ...
Raichle coined the term "default mode" in 2001 to describe resting state brain function; [19] the concept rapidly became a central theme in neuroscience. [20] Around this time the idea was developed that this network of brain areas is involved in internally directed thoughts and is suspended during specific goal-directed behaviors.
Connectomics is the production and study of connectomes: comprehensive maps of connections within an organism's nervous system.More generally, it can be thought of as the study of neuronal wiring diagrams with a focus on how structural connectivity, individual synapses, cellular morphology, and cellular ultrastructure contribute to the make up of a network.
Medical image computing (brain research of leads medical and surgical uses of mapping technology) Neurostimulation (in research stimulation is frequently used in conjunction with imaging) Positron emission tomography (PET) – a nuclear medical imaging technique that produces a three-dimensional image or picture of functional processes in the ...
The model thus suggest that these two (and three depending on the situation) structures are in a perpetual battle to control the body. These interactions between the neocortex and the reptilian brain often seem competitive as the conscious thought generated by the neocortex can suppress the primitive thoughts generated by the reptilian complex.