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  2. Urdu Daira Maarif Islamiya - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu_Daira_Maarif_Islamiya

    Urdu Daira Maarif Islamiya or Urdu Encyclopaedia of Islam (Urdu: اردو دائرہ معارف اسلامیہ) is the largest Islamic encyclopedia published in Urdu by University of the Punjab. Originally it is a translated, expanded and revised version of Encyclopedia of Islam. Its composition began in the 1950s at University of the Punjab.

  3. Graft (politics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graft_(politics)

    Graft, as understood in American English, is a form of political corruption defined as the unscrupulous use of a politician's authority for personal gain. Political graft occurs when funds intended for public projects are intentionally misdirected in order to maximize the benefits to private interests.

  4. Corruption - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption

    The political act of "graft" (American English), is a well known and now global form of political corruption, being the unscrupulous and illegal use of a politician's authority for personal gain, when funds intended for public projects are intentionally misdirected in order to maximize the benefits to illegally private interests of the ...

  5. Islamic criminal jurisprudence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_criminal_jurisprudence

    In addition to the different criteria to be sought in proving the crime, the evaluation of had crimes in the category of crimes against God's borders leads to a distinction between tazir crimes and others regarding the crime and the approach to the criminal; Which crime falls into which category may vary depending on understanding [18] In Islamic jurisprudence, the fact that the crime is ...

  6. National Accountability Bureau - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Accountability_Bureau

    The Ehtesab Act, 1997 established an Ehtesab Cell, charged with the investigation and prosecution of corruption. [1]Under the National Accountability Ordinance, 1999, the NAB was established as the cell's successor, and given the additional responsibility of preventing and raising awareness of corruption. [2]

  7. Islamic Government - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Government

    Islamic Government (Persian: حکومت اسلامی, romanized: Ḥokūmat-i Eslāmī), [2] or Islamic Government: Jurist's Guardianship (Persian: حکومت اسلامی ولایت فقیه, romanized: Ḥokūmat-i Eslāmī Wilāyat-i Faqīh) [3] is a book by the Iranian Shi'i Muslim cleric, Islamic jurist and revolutionary, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.

  8. Islamization in Pakistan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamization_in_Pakistan

    The Ninth Amendment to the Pakistan Constitution, added by Zia's government, stated that "the Injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Holy Quran and Sunnah shall be the supreme law and source of guidance for legislation", but qualified that in Article 203-B by omitting from the rule: the constitution, "Muslim Personal Law, any law relating to ...

  9. Islamic economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_economics

    [3] [4] While there are differences between the two, Islamic economics still tends to be closer to labor theory rather than subjective theory. Islamic commercial jurisprudence entails the rules of transacting finance or other economic activity in a Shari'a compliant manner, [ 5 ] i.e., a manner conforming to Islamic scripture ( Quran and sunnah ).