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Through him the Mahdi would answer the demands and questions of the Shia. He was later succeeded by his son Muhammad ibn Uthman al-Amri, who held the office for some fifty years and died in 917. His successor Husayn ibn Rawh al-Nawbakhti was in the office until his death in 938.
Mahdism (Persian: مَهدَویّت, [1] Arabic: المهدوية) in the Twelver branch of Shia Islam, derived from the belief in the reappearance of the Twelfth Shiite Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, as the savior of the apocalypse for the salvation of human beings and the establishment of peace and justice.
Muhammad ibn Hasan al-Mahdi (Arabic: محمد بن الحسن المهدي, romanized: Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Mahdī) is believed by the Twelver Shia to be the last of the Twelve Imams and the eschatological Mahdi, who will emerge in the end of time to establish peace and justice and redeem Islam.
Into this well, al-Mahdi is said to have disappeared. [ 26 ] [ 27 ] [ 28 ] Thus began a period of about seventy years, later termed the Minor Occultation ( al-ghaybat al-sughra , 260-329 AH, 874–940 CE), during which it is believed that four successive agents who represented the Hidden Imam. [ 29 ]
The reappearance of Muhammad al-Mahdi is the Twelver eschatological belief in the return of their Hidden Imam in the end of time to establish peace and justice on earth. For Twelvers, this would end a period of occultation that began shortly after the death of Hasan al-Askari in 260 AH (873–874 CE ), the eleventh Imam.
People claiming to be the Mahdi have appeared across the Muslim world and throughout history since the birth of Islam (AD 610). A claimant Mahdi can wield great temporal, as well as spiritual, power: claimant Mahdis have founded states (e.g. the late 19th-century Mahdiyah in Sudan), as well as religions and sects (e.g. Bábism, or the Ahmadiyya ...
Du'a Nudba (Arabic: دُعَاء ٱلنُّدْبَة) is one of the major Shia supplications about Imam Al-Mahdi and his reappearence. Nudba means to cry and Shias read the supplication to ask for help and early reappearnce of Imam Al-Mahdi. The supplication is recited during Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha, Eid al-Ghadeer, and every Friday morning. [1]
However, the branches of Shia Islam that believe in it differ with regard to the identity of the Mahdi. The mainstream Shia identifies him as Muhammad al-Mahdi, the twelfth imam, [2] who is believed to be responsible for the affairs of men and, in particular, their inward spiritual guidance during the occultation. [4] [5]