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Echolalia is common in young children who are first learning to speak. Echolalia is a form of imitation. Imitation is a useful, normal and necessary component of social learning : imitative learning occurs when the "observer acquires new behaviors through imitation" and mimicry or automatic imitation occurs when a "reenacted behavior is based ...
In the ICD-11, catatonia is defined as a syndrome of primarily psychomotor disturbances that is characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of several symptoms such as stupor, catalepsy, waxy flexibility, mutism, negativism, posturing, mannerisms, stereotypies, psychomotor agitation, grimacing, echolalia, and echopraxia. Catatonia may occur in ...
Hemiballismus or hemiballism is a basal ganglia syndrome resulting from damage to the subthalamic nucleus in the basal ganglia. [1] It is a rare hyperkinetic movement disorder, [2] that is characterized by pronounced involuntary limb movements [1] [3] on one side of the body [4] and can cause significant disability. [5]
Echophenomenon (also known as echo phenomenon; from Ancient Greek ἠχώ (ēkhṓ) "echo, reflected sound") is "automatic imitative actions without explicit awareness" [1] or pathological repetitions of external stimuli or activities, actions, sounds, or phrases, indicative of an underlying disorder.
Klazomania (from the Greek κλάζω ("klazo")—to scream) refers to compulsive shouting; [1] it has features resembling the complex tics such as echolalia, palilalia and coprolalia seen in tic disorders, but has been seen in people with encephalitis lethargica, alcohol use disorder, and carbon monoxide poisoning. [2]
Echopraxia is a typical symptom of Tourette syndrome but causes are not well elucidated. [1]Frontal lobe animation. One theoretical cause subject to ongoing debate surrounds the role of the mirror neuron system (MNS), a group of neurons in the inferior frontal gyrus (F5 region) of the brain that may influence imitative behaviors, [1] but no widely accepted neural or computational models have ...
Catatonic symptoms such as grimacing, echopraxia, negativism, echolalia and stereotypy are often present. [11] Impaired concentration, memory loss, disorientation, insomnia, auditory and visual hallucinations are additional symptoms that follow. [6] [10] There are shifts from having loud and disorganized speech to mutism. [6]
Transcortical sensory aphasia is characterized as a fluent aphasia. Fluency is determined by direct qualitative observation of the patient’s speech to determine the length of spoken phrases, and is usually characterized by a normal or rapid rate; normal phrase length, rhythm, melody, and articulatory agility; and normal or paragrammatic speech. [5]