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The effects of the NAD + /NADH ratio are complex, controlling the activity of several key enzymes, including glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase. In healthy mammalian tissues, estimates of the ratio of free NAD + to NADH in the cytoplasm typically lie around 700:1; the ratio is thus favorable for oxidative reactions.
In enzymology, a fumarate reductase (NADH) (EC 1.3.1.6) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction succinate + NAD + ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } fumarate + NADH + H + Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are succinate and NAD + , whereas its three products are fumarate , NADH , and H + .
The 3 substrates of this enzyme are NADH, H +, and monodehydroascorbate, whereas its two products are NAD + and ascorbate. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on NADH or NADPH, with a quinone or similar compound as an acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is NADH: monodehydroascorbate ...
1/2 O 2 + NADH + H + → H 2 O + NAD + The potential difference between these two redox pairs is 1.14 volt, which is equivalent to -52 kcal/mol or -2600 kJ per 6 mol of O 2. When one NADH is oxidized through the electron transfer chain, three ATPs are produced, which is equivalent to 7.3 kcal/mol x 3 = 21.9 kcal/mol.
In enzymology, a NAD + diphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.22) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. NAD + + H 2 O AMP + NMN. Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are NAD + and H 2 O, whereas its two products are AMP and NMN.
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on NADH or NADPH with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme is NADPH:NAD+ oxidoreductase (Si-specific). Other names in common use include non-energy-linked transhydrogenase, NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (B-specific), and soluble transhydrogenase.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, abbreviated NADP [1] [2] or, in older notation, TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide), is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as the Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid syntheses, which require NADPH as a reducing agent ('hydrogen source').
Alanine dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. L-alanine + H 2 O + NAD + pyruvate + NH 3 + NADH + H +. The 2 substrates of this enzyme are L-alanine, water, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + because water is 55M and does not change, whereas its 4 products are pyruvate, ammonia, NADH, and hydrogen ion.