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Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. [2] [3] Symptoms of this infection vary greatly, but the disease affects primarily the lungs. [4] Occasionally, other organs are affected; called disseminated histoplasmosis, it can be fatal if left untreated.
Treatment is usually for a period of about 21 days. Pentamidine is less often used, as its major limitation is the high frequency of side effects . These include acute pancreatic inflammation , kidney failure , liver toxicity , decreased white blood cell count , rash , fever , and low blood sugar .
Histoplasma capsulatum is a species of dimorphic fungus.Its sexual form is called Ajellomyces capsulatus.It can cause pulmonary and disseminated histoplasmosis.. Histoplasma capsulatum is "distributed worldwide, except in Antarctica, but most often associated with river valleys" [1] and occurs chiefly in the "Central and Eastern United States" [2] followed by "Central and South America, and ...
Involvement outside the lungs is rare but, can occur as a disseminated type affecting lymph nodes, spleen, liver, bone marrow, eyes, kidneys, thyroid, gastrointestinal tract or other organs. [ 5 ] [ 7 ] If occurring in the skin , it usually presents as nodular growths in the ear canals or underarms.
This can lead to treatment being delayed or unsought altogether. [3] In a very small portion of people, fungal pneumonia can lead to chronic pneumonia, fungemia (presence of fungi in the blood), meningitis (infection of the meninges of the brain or spine), or even death. However, this is extremely rare and the vast majority of cases go ...
Primary pulmonary histoplasmosis is caused by inhalation of Histoplasma capsulatum spores, and approximately 10% of people with this acute infection develop erythema nodosum. [ 1 ] : 316 See also
Medical imaging may reveal shadows in the lungs. [4] The disease can look similar to tuberculosis and histoplasmosis. [4] Talaromycosis may be prevented in people at high risk, using the antifungal medication itraconazole, and is treatable with amphotericin B followed by itraconazole or voriconazole. [2]
The initial treatment of a chylothorax is usually drainage of the fluid from the pleural space. This may be necessary to restore lung function compromised by the pressure exerted by the chyle on the lungs. [1] Those with large chylothoraces may need nutritional support due to the nutrients lost, primarily to correct protein and electrolyte losses.