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Gestational diabetes is a condition in which a woman without diabetes develops high blood sugar levels during pregnancy. [2] Gestational diabetes generally results in few symptoms; [2] however, obesity increases the rate of pre-eclampsia, cesarean sections, and embryo macrosomia, as well as gestational diabetes. [2]
Pre-gestational diabetes can be classified as Type 1 or Type 2 depending on the physiological mechanism. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disorder leading to destruction of insulin-producing cell in the pancreas; type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with obesity and results from a combination of insulin resistance and insufficient insulin production.
Diabetes was the eighth leading cause of death in the United States in 2020. People with diabetes are twice as likely to develop heart disease or stroke as people without diabetes. There are three types of diabetes: Type 1, Type 2, and gestational (diabetes while pregnant). Type 2 diabetes accounts for 90%-95% of all cases. [1]
Type 2 diabetes makes up about 90% of cases of diabetes, with the other 10% due primarily to type 1 diabetes and gestational diabetes. [1] In type 1 diabetes, there is a lower total level of insulin to control blood glucose, due to an autoimmune-induced loss of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
Gestational hypertension or pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is the development of new hypertension in a pregnant woman after 20 weeks' gestation without the presence of protein in the urine or other signs of pre-eclampsia. [1] Gestational hypertension is defined as having a blood pressure greater than 140/90 on two occasions at least 6 ...
If the gestational age as calculated from an early ultrasound is contradictory to the one calculated directly from the last menstrual period, it is still the one from the early ultrasound that is used for the rest of the pregnancy. [35] In case of in vitro fertilization, calculating days since oocyte retrieval or co-incubation and adding 14 ...
Presentation of twins in Der Rosengarten ("The Rose Garden"), a German standard medical text for midwives published in 1513. In obstetrics, the presentation of a fetus about to be born specifies which anatomical part of the fetus is leading, that is, is closest to the pelvic inlet of the birth canal.
A case presentation is a formal communication between health care professionals such as doctors and nurses regarding a patient's clinical information. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Essential parts of a case presentation include: