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A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The word laser originated as an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.
Schematic diagram of a typical laser, showing the three major parts. A laser is constructed from three principal parts: An energy source (usually referred to as the pump or pump source), A gain medium or laser medium, and; Two or more mirrors that form an optical resonator.
Laser types with distinct laser lines are shown above the wavelength bar, while below are shown lasers that can emit in a wavelength range. The height of the lines and bars gives an indication of the maximal power/pulse energy commercially available, while the color codifies the type of laser material (see the figure description for details).
In materials science, Direct Laser Interference Patterning (DLIP) is a laser-based technology that uses the physical principle of interference of high-intensity, coherent laser pulses to produce functional periodic microstructures. [1] [2] To achieve interference, the beam is divided by a beam splitter, specialized prisms, [3] or other elements.
Light is generated in a semiconductor laser by radiative recombination of electrons and holes. In order to generate more light by stimulated emission than is lost by absorption, the system's population density has to be inverted, see the article on lasers. A laser is, thus, always a high carrier density system that entails many-body interactions.
Laser science or laser physics is a branch of optics that describes the theory and practice of lasers. [ 1 ] Laser science is principally concerned with quantum electronics , laser construction , optical cavity design, the physics of producing a population inversion in laser media , and the temporal evolution of the light field in the laser.
Optical computing or photonic computing uses light waves produced by lasers or incoherent sources for data processing, data storage or data communication for computing.For decades, photons have shown promise to enable a higher bandwidth than the electrons used in conventional computers (see optical fibers).
Diagram of a laser cutter Laser cutting process on a sheet of steel CAD (top) and stainless steel laser-cut part (bottom) Laser cutting is a technology that uses a laser to vaporize materials, resulting in a cut edge. While typically used for industrial manufacturing applications, it is now used by schools, small businesses, architecture, and ...