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Ethnic separatism can be based on cultural, linguistic as well as religious or racial differences. Ethnic separatist movements were relevant since they represented historical delineations between states , or in recent times, were the cause of conflicts between peoples in Europe, Africa and Asia with different ethnic/linguistic origins.
Ethnic cleansing is similar to forced deportation or population transfer. While ethnic cleansing and genocide may share the same goal and methods (e.g., forced displacement), ethnic cleansing is intended to displace a persecuted population from a given territory, while genocide is intended to destroy a group. [53] [54]
A recent theory of ethnic tension resolution is non-territorial autonomy or NTA. NTA has emerged in recent years as an alternative solution to ethnic tensions and grievances in places that are likely to breed conflict. [55] For this reason, NTA has been promoted as a more practical and state building solution than consociationalism. [55]
The post-war agreements, such as the League of Nations mandate system, promoted "a new political language of ethnic separatism as a central aspect of national self-determination, while protecting and disguising continuities and even expansions of French and, especially, British imperial powers.
Sociologist Jack Katz is recognized by many as being a foundational figure to this approach [4] through his seminal work, Seductions of Crime, written in 1988. [5] Cultural criminology as a substantive approach, however, did not begin to form until the mid-1990s, [6] where increasing interest arose from the desire to incorporate cultural studies into contemporary criminology.
European Free Alliance, political party that consists of various regionalist, separatist and ethnic minority political parties in Europe; Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization; Political parties of minorities. List of regional and minority parties in Europe; List of minority political parties; Separatism
Iran ethnoreligious distribution (2004) There are several separatist movements in Iran, most of which are associated with a particular minority ethnic group.Iran is a highly diverse country: in 2015, it was estimated that Persians―Iran's dominant ethnic group―only made up about 61% of the Iranian population.
African-American self-determination refers to efforts to secure self-determination for African-Americans and related peoples in North America. It often intersects with the historic Back-to-Africa movement and general Black separatism, but also manifests in present and historic demands for self-determination on North American soil, ranging from autonomy to independence.