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Scribal abbreviations, or sigla (singular: siglum), are abbreviations used by ancient and medieval scribes writing in various languages, including Latin, Greek, Old English and Old Norse. In modern manuscript editing (substantive and mechanical) sigla are the symbols used to indicate the source manuscript (e.g. variations in text between ...
A common scribal abbreviation was a thorn with a stroke ... Ransom Riggs uses several Old English words, such as syndrigast (singular, peculiar), ymbryne (period, ...
(þͭ) – a Middle English abbreviation for the word that (þͧ) – a rare Middle English abbreviation for the word thou (which was written early on as þu or þou) In later printed texts, given the lack of a sort for the glyph, [5] printers substituted the (visually similar) letter y for the thorn: yᷤ – an Early Modern English ...
old ought’ve: ought have oughtn’t: ought not oughtn’t’ve: ought not have ’round: around ’s: is, has, does, us / possessive shalln’t: shall not (archaic) shan’ shall not shan’t: shall not she’d: she had / she would she’ll: she shall / she will she’s: she has / she is she'd'nt've (informal) she did not have / she would not ...
List of Latin abbreviations (Common Latin abbreviations that have been adopted by Modern English) List of medieval abbreviations (Abbreviations used by ancient and medieval scribes writing in various languages, including Latin, Greek, Old English and Old Norse)
abbreviation or word Latin translation usage and notes AB Artium Baccalaureus "Bachelor of Arts" An undergraduate bachelor's degree awarded for either a course or a program in the liberal arts or the sciences, or both. a.C.n. ante Christum natum "before Christ" "B.C." is commonly used in English instead to convey this meaning. ad. nat. delt.
The word's true origin is unknown, but it existed in the Middle Scots period. [32] [33] News: The word news has been claimed to be an acronym of the four cardinal directions (north, east, west, and south). However, old spellings of the word varied widely (e.g., newesse, newis, nevis, neus, newys, niewes, newis, nues, etc.).
Manuscripts of copies of the Old English poem Beowulf used many abbreviations, for example the Tironian et (⁊) or & for and, and y for since, so that "not much space is wasted". [5] The standardisation of English in the 15th through 17th centuries included a growth in the use of such abbreviations. [ 6 ]