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The anti-Masonry of that period immediately depicted Freemasonry as an agent of war, a perspective that would have ramifications for the actions of Freemasons in the 1920s and 1930s. [9] Depending on their influence in society, national Freemasonries either followed or amplified the choices of their respective states.
The history of Freemasonry encompasses the origins, evolution and defining events of the fraternal organisation known as Freemasonry.It covers three phases. Firstly, the emergence of organised lodges of operative masons during the Middle Ages, then the admission of lay members as "accepted" (a term reflecting the ceremonial "acception" process that made non-stone masons members of an operative ...
The Better Angels of our Nature: Freemasonry in the American Civil War (U of Alabama Press, 2010) excerpt; Hernández, Miguel. The Ku Klux Klan and Freemasonry in 1920s America: Fighting Fraternities (Taylor Francis, 2019) Hinks, Peter P. et al. All Men Free and Brethren: Essays on the History of African American Freemasonry (Cornell UP, 2013).
The Ministry of Defence forbade officers from becoming Freemasons, with officers who remained as Masons being sidelined. [14] During the war, Freemasonry was banned by edict in all countries that were either allied with the Nazis or under Nazi control, including Norway and France. Anti-Masonic exhibitions were held in many occupied countries.
1884 satirical political cartoon from Puck shows Pope Leo XIII at war with Freemasonry In 1736, the Inquisition investigated a Masonic lodge in Florence , Italy , which it condemned in June 1737. The lodge had originally been founded in 1733 by the English Freemason Charles Sackville, 2nd Duke of Dorset , [ 9 ] but accepted Italian members ...
Since the office was established in 1789, 45 [a] individuals have served as president of the United States.Of these, 15, [1] including Lyndon B. Johnson who took only the First Degree, are known to have been Freemasons, beginning with the nation's first president, George Washington.
In 1870, James Walker painted the 20 ft × 7.5 ft (6.1 m × 2.3 m) The Repulse of Longstreet's Assault at the Battle of Gettysburg [8] where "Armistead, mortally wounded, is seated on the grass, and is in the act of giving his watch and spurs to his friend, Captain Bingham."
William Morgan (born 1774 – disappeared c. 1826) was a resident of Batavia, New York, whose disappearance and presumed murder in 1826 ignited a powerful movement against the Freemasons, a fraternal society that had become influential in the United States. [1]