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Electron affinity can be defined in two equivalent ways. First, as the energy that is released by adding an electron to an isolated gaseous atom. The second (reverse) definition is that electron affinity is the energy required to remove an electron from a singly charged gaseous negative ion.
It has the highest electron affinity and the one of highest electronegativity of all the elements; thus chlorine is a strong oxidizing agent. The most common compound of chlorine, sodium chloride ( table salt ), has been known since ancient times; however, around 1630, chlorine gas was obtained by the Belgian chemist and physician Jan Baptist ...
The electron affinity of molecules is a complicated function of their electronic structure. For instance the electron affinity for benzene is negative, as is that of naphthalene, while those of anthracene, phenanthrene and pyrene are positive. In silico experiments show that the electron affinity of hexacyanobenzene surpasses that of fullerene. [5]
Chlorine is a yellow-green gas at room temperature. It is an extremely reactive element and a strong oxidising agent: among the elements, it has the highest electron affinity and the third-highest electronegativity on the revised Pauling scale, behind only oxygen and fluorine.
It also has a high electron affinity, second only to chlorine, [17] and tends to capture an electron to become isoelectronic with the noble gas neon; [3] it has the highest electronegativity of any reactive element. [18] Fluorine atoms have a small covalent radius of around 60 picometers, similar to those of its period neighbors oxygen and neon.
Gold has the highest electron affinity of any metal, at 222.8 kJ/mol, making Au − a stable species, [13] analogous to the halides. Gold also has a –1 oxidation state in covalent complexes with the group 4 transition metals, such as in titanium tetraauride and the analogous zirconium and hafnium compounds.
This small radius and high weight cause it to be expected to have an extremely high density of around 46 g·cm −3, over twice that of osmium, currently the most dense element known, at 22.61 g·cm −3; element 164 should be the second most dense element in the first 172 elements in the periodic table, with only its neighbor unhextrium ...
Oganesson has the highest atomic number and highest atomic mass of all known elements as of 2024. On the periodic table of the elements it is a p-block element, a member of group 18 and the last member of period 7 .