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[8] [70] These metabolites are in turn converted, respectively, into androsterone and epiandrosterone, then conjugated (via glucuronidation and/or sulfation), released into circulation, and excreted in urine. [8] Unlike testosterone, DHT cannot be aromatized into an estrogen like estradiol, and for this reason, has no propensity for estrogenic ...
Aromatase is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum where it is regulated by tissue-specific promoters that are in turn controlled by hormones, cytokines, and other factors. It catalyzes the last steps of estrogen biosynthesis from androgens (specifically, it transforms androstenedione to estrone and testosterone to estradiol).
“Testosterone doesn’t drop off like estrogen does—it goes down a linear decline,” says Casperson. “Women in their mid-40s and 50s have half the testosterone that we had in our 20s.”
Steroid hormones help control metabolism, inflammation, immune functions, salt and water balance, development of sexual characteristics, and the ability to withstand injury and illness. The term steroid describes both hormones produced by the body and artificially produced medications that duplicate the action for the naturally occurring steroids.
Testosterone is an essential hormone for both men and women, playing an important role in muscle growth and cognitive function. Low levels of the hormone can lead to changes in mood, cognition and ...
Although all preparations of a given type of estrogen may be molecularly identical before their introduction into the human body, estrogens administered orally are modified by the liver before entering the bloodstream and most of it is converted to estrone; estrogen bypassing the digestive tract and liver via the skin is not converted to a new ...
For women, a drop in estrogen can cause weight gain, particularly in the abdomen (aka menopause belly). For men, low testosterone is linked to an increase in fat mass. Men with obesity are more ...
While estrogen levels are significantly lower in males than in females, estrogens nevertheless have important physiological roles in males. [7] Like all steroid hormones, estrogens readily diffuse across the cell membrane. Once inside the cell, they bind to and activate estrogen receptors (ERs) which in turn modulate the expression of many ...
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