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Early humans were social and initially scavenged, before becoming active hunters. The need to communicate and hunt prey efficiently in a new, fluctuating environment (where the locations of resources need to be memorized and told) may have driven the expansion of the brain from 2 to 0.8 Ma. Evolution of dark skin at about 1.2 Ma. [39]
While early expansions to Eurasia appear not to have persisted, [36] [22] expansions to Southern and Central Africa resulted in the deepest temporal divergence in living human populations. Early modern human expansion in sub-Saharan Africa appears to have contributed to the end of late Acheulean industries at about 130,000 years ago, although ...
The nature of interaction between early humans and these sister species has been a long-standing source of controversy, the question being whether humans replaced these earlier species or whether they were in fact similar enough to interbreed, in which case these earlier populations may have contributed genetic material to modern humans. [279 ...
Human jaw fragment found in Torquay, Devon in 1927 [37] Europe: Germany: 43–42: Geißenklösterle, Baden-Württemberg: Three Paleolithic flutes belonging to the early Aurignacian, which is associated with the assumed earliest presence of Homo sapiens in Europe . It is the oldest example of prehistoric music. [38] Europe, Baltic: Lithuania: 43 ...
Anatomically modern humans appear in Africa. [103] [104] [105] Around 50 ka they start colonising the other continents, replacing Neanderthals in Europe and other hominins in Asia. 70 ka Genetic bottleneck in humans (Toba catastrophe theory). 40 ka Last giant monitor lizards (Varanus priscus) die out. 35-25 ka Extinction of Neanderthals.
Unlike the Early European modern humans that inhabited Europe earlier, these populations form part of the ancestry of modern Europe. [35] 36 kya: Evidence of humans using fibers in a cave in present-day Georgia. [50] [51] 33 kya: Earliest evidence of humanoids in Ireland. [52] 33 kya – 22 kya: Gravettian period in Europe. [53] [54]
Homo erectus (/ ˌ h oʊ m oʊ ə ˈ r ɛ k t ə s / lit. ' upright man ') is an extinct species of archaic human from the Pleistocene, spanning nearly 2 million years.It is the first human species to evolve a humanlike body plan and gait, to leave Africa and colonize Asia and Europe, and to wield fire.
The study of human history has a long tradition and early precursors were already practiced in the ancient period as attempts to provide comprehensive accounts of the history of the world. [ab] Most research before the 20th century focused on histories of individual communities and societies after the prehistoric period.