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A diagram explaining factors affecting arterial pressure. Pathophysiology is a study which explains the function of the body as it relates to diseases and conditions. The pathophysiology of hypertension is an area which attempts to explain mechanistically the causes of hypertension, which is a chronic disease characterized by elevation of blood pressure.
Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) exists when the capacity of the pelvis is inadequate to allow the fetus to negotiate the birth canal.This may be due to a small pelvis, a nongynecoid pelvic formation, a large fetus, an unfavorable orientation of the fetus, or a combination of these factors.
The World Health Organization has identified hypertension (high blood pressure) as the leading cause of cardiovascular mortality. [182] The World Hypertension League (WHL), an umbrella organization of 85 national hypertension societies and leagues, recognized that more than 50% of the hypertensive population worldwide are unaware of their ...
Pelvic congestion syndrome, also known as pelvic vein incompetence, is a long-term condition believed to be due to enlarged veins in the lower abdomen. [1] [7] The condition may cause chronic pain, such as a constant dull ache, which can be worsened by standing or sex. [1] Pain in the legs or lower back may also occur. [1]
The pelvic inlet or superior aperture of the pelvis is a planar surface which defines the boundary between the pelvic cavity and the abdominal cavity (or, according to some authors, between two parts of the pelvic cavity, called lesser pelvis and greater pelvis).
Left ventricular hypertrophy. Hypertensive heart disease is the result of structural and functional adaptations [18] leading to left ventricular hypertrophy, [19] [20] [21] diastolic dysfunction, [18] [20] CHF (Congestive Heart Failure), abnormalities of blood flow due to atherosclerotic coronary artery disease [18] and microvascular disease, [10] [19] and cardiac arrhythmias. [19]
The sciatic notch in females tend to be wider than the sciatic notches of males. The pelvic inlet is also a key difference. The pelvic inlet can be observed as oval-shaped in females and more of a heart-shape in males. [2] The difference in inlet shape is related to the distance between the ischium bones of the pelvis.
An X-ray film obtained in the AP view of the pelvic inlet and outlet will show a marked gap between the pubic bones. [3] A normal pelvis will show a gap that is 4–5 mm. However, in pregnancy the hormonal influences cause relaxation of the connecting ligaments and the bones separate up to 9 mm. A gap measuring greater than 10 mm indicates a ...