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Companies ("individual members") participate through their membership to a 3GPP Organizational Partner. As of December 2020, 3GPP is composed of 719 individual members. [25] Specification work is done at WG and at TSG level: [26] the 3GPP WGs hold several meetings a year. They prepare and discuss change requests against 3GPP specifications.
^ The primary format is binary, but text and JSON formats are available. [8] [9] ^ Means that generic tools/libraries know how to encode, decode, and dereference a reference to another piece of data in the same document. A tool may require the IDL file, but no more. Excludes custom, non-standardized referencing techniques.
Some application layer protocols, including HTTP/1.1 (and its non-standardized predecessors), FTP, SMTP, POP3, and SIP, use text-based "Field: Value" pairs formatted according to RFC 2822. ( HTTP represents length of payload with a Content-Length header and separates headers from the payload with an empty line and headers from each other with a ...
MM5: the interface between MMSC and HLR. MM6: the interface between MMSC and user databases. MM7: the interface between MMS Value-added service applications and MMSC. Typically Content Providers using HTTP / SOAP for delivery. MM8: the interface between MMSC and the billing systems. MM9: the interface between MMSC and an online charging system.
A binary-to-text encoding is encoding of data in plain text. More precisely, it is an encoding of binary data in a sequence of printable characters . These encodings are necessary for transmission of data when the communication channel does not allow binary data (such as email or NNTP ) or is not 8-bit clean .
3GPP Release 7 UMTS W-CDMA HSPA (HSDPA+HSUPA) 3GPP: Mobile Internet: CDMA/FDD CDMA/FDD/MIMO: 0.384 14.4: 0.384 5.76: HSDPA is widely deployed. Typical downlink rates today 2 Mbit/s, ~200 kbit/s uplink; HSPA+ downlink up to 56 Mbit/s. UMTS-TDD: 3GPP: Mobile Internet: CDMA/TDD: 16: Reported speeds according to IPWireless using 16QAM modulation ...
There is a series of related technologies that were developed based on CGI that enhances the location precision: Cell Global Identity with Timing Advance (CGI+TA), Enhanced CGI (E-CGI), Cell ID for WCDMA, Uplink Time Difference Of Arrival (U-TDOA) and Any Time Interrogation (ATI), and the high accuracy terminal based method Assisted Global ...
System Architecture Evolution (SAE) is the core network architecture of mobile communications protocol group 3GPP's LTE wireless communication standard.. SAE is the evolution of the GPRS Core Network, but with a simplified architecture; an all-IP Network (AIPN); support for higher throughput and lower latency radio access networks (RANs); and support for, and mobility between, multiple ...