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The first black person on record to have successfully performed pericardium (the sac surrounding the heart) surgery to repair a wound. [191] Williams, Marguerite Thomas: 1895–1991 Geologist: First black person to receive a Ph.D. in Geology Williams, Scott W. 1943– Mathematician [192] Williams, Walter E. 1936–2020 Economist, social scientist
Granville Tailer Woods (April 23, 1856 – January 30, 1910) was an American inventor who held more than 50 patents in the United States. [1] He was the first African American mechanical and electrical engineer after the Civil War. [2]
Garrett Augustus Morgan Sr. (March 4, 1877 – July 27, 1963) was an American inventor, businessman, and community leader.His most notable inventions were a type of three-way traffic light, [1] and a protective 'smoke hood' [2] notably used in a 1916 tunnel construction disaster rescue.
USE ORIGINAL IMAGE FOR STORIES Portrait of American orator, editor, author, abolitionist, and former enslaved person Frederick Douglass (1818 – 1895), 1850s. Engraving by A. H. Ritchie. (Photo ...
Thomas L. Jennings (c. 1791 – February 12, 1859) was an African-American inventor, tradesman, entrepreneur, and abolitionist in New York City, New York.He has the distinction of being the first African-American patent-holder in history; he was granted the patent in 1821 for his novel method of dry cleaning. [1]
Charles Drew's 1922 Dunbar High School yearbook entry. Drew was born in 1904 into an African-American middle-class family in Washington, D.C. [3] His father, Richard, was a carpet layer [4] and his mother, Nora Burrell, trained as a teacher. [5]
Alexander Miles was born on May 18, 1838 Pickaway County, Ohio, [1] the son of Michael and Mary Miles. [2] He was African-American.Miles may have resided in the nearby town of Chillicothe, Ohio, [3] but subsequently moved to Waukesha, Wisconsin, where he earned a living as a barber. [4]
The Black Codes were also in effect in many states into the 1860s and limited the ability of African Americans to own property and patents. [31] Following the American Civil War , African Americans were given equal rights under the law and officially became recognized as citizens, allowing them to again secure patents. [ 32 ]