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Myopathies in systemic disease results from several different disease processes including endocrine, inflammatory, paraneoplastic, infectious, drug- and toxin-induced, critical illness myopathy, metabolic, collagen related, [3] and myopathies with other systemic disorders. Patients with systemic myopathies often present acutely or sub
Congenital myopathy is a very broad term for any muscle disorder present at birth. This defect primarily affects skeletal muscle fibres and causes muscular weakness and/or hypotonia. Congenital myopathies account for one of the top neuromuscular disorders in the world today, comprising approximately 6 in 100,000 live births every year. [1]
Inflammatory myopathy, also known as idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM), is disease featuring muscle weakness, inflammation of muscles , and in some types, muscle pain . The cause of much inflammatory myopathy is unknown ( idiopathic ), and such cases are classified according to their symptoms and signs , electromyography , MRI , and ...
Distal muscular dystrophy, also called distal myopathy, is essentially any muscle disease that preferentially affects the hands and/or feet, a much less common pattern than proximal muscle weakness. Late adult-onset type 1; Late adult-onset type 2a; Late adult-onset type 2b; Early adult-onset type 1; Early adult-onset type 2; Early adult-onset ...
Metabolic myopathies are myopathies that result from defects in biochemical metabolism that primarily affect muscle. They are generally genetic defects ( inborn errors of metabolism ) that interfere with the ability to create energy, causing a low ATP reservoir within the muscle cell.
Mitochondrial myopathies are types of myopathies associated with mitochondrial disease. [1] Adenosine triphosphate (), the chemical used to provide energy for the cell, cannot be produced sufficiently by oxidative phosphorylation when the mitochondrion is either damaged or missing necessary enzymes or transport proteins.
Common types of myopathy due to statins include myalgia, myositis, and rhabdomyolysis. Statins induce myopathy by inhibiting protein synthesis within the muscle. [6] Statin therapy tends to not show any histopathological differences, and thus a biopsy does not reveal too much about the damage. Often, the damage is found within the mitochondria. [1]
Polymyositis and the associated inflammatory myopathies have an associated increased risk of cancer. [3] The features they found associated with an increased risk of cancer were older age, age greater than 45, male sex, difficulty swallowing, death of skin cells, cutaneous vasculitis, rapid onset of myositis (<4 weeks), elevated creatine kinase, higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate and higher ...