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On the Move: A Visual Timeline of Transportation. Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 978-1-56458-880-7. Bruno, Leonard C. (1993). On the Move: A Chronology of Advances in Transportation. Gale Research. ISBN 978-0-8103-8396-8. Berger, Michael L. The automobile in American history and culture: a reference guide (Greenwood, 2001). Condit, Carl W.
An "intercontinental model" of world trade, "between 1500 and 1800 on the basis of interregional competition in production and trade" [9] was proposed by Frederic Mauro, but the early existence of it was already observed by Dudley North in the year 1691. This world market of trade, as well as the flow of finances throughout, spanned out an ...
Climaxing A Century Of Progress In Transportation illustration, 1930s. During the Post–World War II economic expansion many railroads were driven out of business due to competition from airlines and Interstate highways. The rise of the automobile led to the end of passenger train service on most railroads.
Likewise, railroads changed the style of transportation. For the common person in the early 1800s, transportation was often by horse or stagecoach. The network of trails along which coaches navigated were riddled with ditches, potholes, and stones. This made travel fairly uncomfortable. Adding to injury, coaches were cramped with little leg room.
Railroads allowed cheap transportation of materials and products, which in turn led to cheap rails to build more roads. Railroads also benefited from cheap coal for their steam locomotives. This synergy led to the laying of 75,000 miles of track in the U.S. in the 1880s, the largest amount anywhere in world history. [7]
In England, the roads of each parish were maintained by compulsory labour from the parishioners, six days per year. This proved inadequate in the case of certain heavily used roads, and from the 18th century (and in a few cases slightly earlier), statutory bodies of trustees began to be set up with power to borrow money to repair and improve roads, the loans being repaid from tolls collected ...
About 150 trusts were established by 1750; by 1772 a further 400 were established and, in 1800, there were over 700 trusts. [24] In 1825 about 1,000 trusts controlled 18,000 miles (29,000 km) of road in England and Wales. [25]
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