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Main configurations of waste stabilization pond systems. Waste stabilization ponds consist of man-made basins comprising a single or several series of anaerobic, facultative or maturation ponds. [11] The presence or absence of oxygen varies with the three different types of ponds, used in sequence. Anaerobic waste stabilization ponds have very ...
Facultative lagoons are a type of waste stabilization pond used for biological treatment of industrial and domestic wastewater. Sewage or organic waste from food or fiber processing may be catabolized in a system of constructed ponds where adequate space is available to provide an average waste retention time exceeding a month.
Plant waste, collected in a pond, was found to contain radioactive waste, including strontium-90, caesium-137; tritium, and transuranics. [citation needed] In the mid 1990s, Department of Energy officials installed a cryogenic stabilization system at the waste pond, freezing the soil and groundwater, forming a barrier to groundwater leaching ...
The ponds or basins may range in depth from 1.5 to 5.0 meters. [ 6 ] In a surface-aerated system, the aerators provide two functions: they transfer air into the basins required by the biological oxidation reactions, and they provide the mixing required for dispersing the air and for contacting the reactants (that is, oxygen, wastewater and ...
Ponds are depressions holding water confined by earthen structures. Kinds of treatment pond include: Aerated lagoons rely upon mechanical aerators providing oxygen to reduce the organic content measured as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Anaerobic lagoons are waste stabilization ponds providing habitat for anaerobic microorganisms.
(33%), municipal/medical waste incinerators (29%) and commercial/industrial boilers (18%)—estimated to be responsible for 158 tons of environmental mercury released per year in the US (Environmental Protection Agency, Report to Congress, 1997). Other sources include hazar-dous waste sites, cement factories, and chlorine production plants.
Denitrification is facilitated by a wide diversity of bacteria. The activated sludge process, sand filters, waste stabilization ponds, constructed wetlands and other processes can all be used to reduce nitrogen. [25]: 17–18 Since denitrification is the reduction of nitrate to dinitrogen (molecular nitrogen) gas, an electron donor is needed.
deposit coal combustion waste (“CCW”) at coal mines but do not contain accurate or complete information concerning (a) the quantity and quality of water in surface and ground water systems that the proposed CCW deposit may affect (including the nature and sources of any existing
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