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Zinc plating was developed and continues to evolve to meet the most challenging corrosion protection, temperature, and wear resistance requirements. Electroplating of zinc was invented in 1800, but the first bright deposits were not obtained until the early 1930s with the alkaline cyanide electrolyte.
It is used to deposit copper and other conductors in forming printed circuit boards and copper interconnects in integrated circuits. It is also used to purify metals such as copper. The aforementioned electroplating of metals uses an electroreduction process (that is, a negative or cathodic current is on the working
Excluding the continuous strip plating industry, copper is the second most commonly-plated metal after nickel. [6] Copper electroplating offers a number of advantages over other plating processes, including low metal cost, high-conductivity and high-ductility bright finish, and high plating efficiency.
The largest deposits of rock phosphate in the United States are found in Florida. [1] Most of this is in Bone Valley in central and west-central Florida. [2]Extended systems of underwater caves, sinkholes and springs are found throughout the state and supply most of the water used by residents.
Electroless deposition is an important process in the electronic industry for metallization of substrates. Other metallization of substrates also include physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and electroplating which produce thin metal films but require high temperature, vacuum, and a power source respectively. [20]
L.A. fire maps show Palisades, Eaton and more fires in California right now Emily Mae Czachor, John Kelly, Taylor Johnston, Grace Manthey Updated January 22, 2025 at 5:07 PM
The Bone Valley is a region of central Florida, encompassing portions of present-day Hardee, Hillsborough, Manatee, and Polk counties, in which phosphate is mined for use in the production of agricultural fertilizer. Florida currently contains the largest known deposits of phosphate in the United States.
Satellite images taken before and after the passing of Hurricane Milton show building and roof damage in Siesta Key on Oct. 10, 2024. / Credit: Maxar Technologies/Handout via REUTERS