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Tartarus is the place where, according to Plato's Gorgias (c. 400 BC), souls are judged after death and where the wicked received divine punishment. Tartarus appears in early Greek cosmology, such as in Hesiod's Theogony, where the personified Tartarus is described as one of the earliest beings to exist, alongside Chaos and Gaia (Earth).
Hesiod's Theogony, (c. 700 BCE) which could be considered the "standard" creation myth of Greek mythology, [1] tells the story of the genesis of the gods. After invoking the Muses (II.1–116), Hesiod says the world began with the spontaneous generation of four beings: first arose Chaos (Chasm); then came Gaia (the Earth), "the ever-sure foundation of all"; "dim" Tartarus (the Underworld), in ...
Gaea by Anselm Feuerbach, 1875 ceiling painting, Academy of Fine Arts Vienna. The Greek name Γαῖα (Gaia Ancient Greek: or ) is a mostly epic, collateral form of Attic Γῆ (Gē), and Doric Γᾶ (Ga), [3] perhaps identical to Δᾶ (Da), [6] both meaning "Earth".
Tartarus The Abyss: Gaia The Earth: Eros Desire [a] Erebus Darkness: Nyx The Night: Moros Doom: the Oneiroi Dreams: Nemesis Retribution: Momus Blame: Philotes Affection: Geras Aging: Typhon: Uranus The Sky: the Ourea Mountains: Pontus The Sea: Aether Heaven: Hemera The Day: Thanatos Death: Hypnos Sleep: Eris Strife: Apate Deceit: Oizys Distress ...
Near the edges of the earth is a region inhabited by fantastical creatures, monsters, and quasi-human beings. [6] Once one reaches the ends of the earth they find it to be surrounded by and delimited by an ocean (), [7] [8] as is seen in the Babylonian Map of the World, although there is one main difference between the Babylonian and early Greek view: Oceanus is a river and so has an outer ...
Chaos (Ancient Greek: χάος, romanized: Kháos) is the mythological void state preceding the creation of the universe (the cosmos) in ancient near eastern cosmology and early Greek cosmology. It can also refer to an early state of the cosmos constituted of nothing but undifferentiated and indistinguishable matter .
According to Hesiod's Theogony (c. 8th – 7th century BC), Typhon was the son of Gaia (Earth) and Tartarus: "when Zeus had driven the Titans from heaven, huge Earth bore her youngest child Typhoeus of the love of Tartarus, by the aid of golden Aphrodite". [2]
In some Greek sources Tartarus is another name for the underworld (serving as a metonym for Hades), while in others it is a completely distinct realm separate from the underworld. Hesiod most famously describes Tartarus as being as far beneath the underworld as the earth is beneath the sky. [45]