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Hesiod's Theogony, (c. 700 BC) which could be considered the "standard" creation myth of Greek mythology, [1] tells the story of the genesis of the gods. After invoking the Muses (II.1–116), Hesiod says the world began with the spontaneous generation of four beings: first arose Chaos (Chasm); then came Gaia (the Earth), "the ever-sure foundation of all"; "dim" Tartarus (the Underworld), in ...
Tartarus is the place where, according to Plato's Gorgias (c. 400 BC), souls are judged after death and where the wicked received divine punishment. Tartarus appears in early Greek cosmology, such as in Hesiod's Theogony, where the personified Tartarus is described as one of the earliest beings to exist, alongside Chaos and Gaia (Earth).
And after Gaia came "dim Tartarus in the depth of the wide-pathed Earth", and next Eros the god of love. [34] Hesiod goes on to say that Gaia brought forth her equal Uranus (Heaven, Sky) to "cover her on every side". [35] Gaia also bore the Ourea (Mountains), and Pontus (Sea), "without sweet union of love" (i.e., with no father). [36]
In Hesiod's Theogony, Chaos was the first thing to exist: "at first Chaos came to be" (or was), [9] but next (possibly out of Chaos) came Gaia, Tartarus, and Eros (elsewhere the name Eros is used for a son of Aphrodite). [b] Unambiguously "born" from Chaos were Erebus and Nyx.
Gaia: According to myth, Syceus was one of the Titans. Zeus, the king of gods who overthrew the Titans during the Titanomachy and threw them all into Tartarus, pursued him, and Syceus took refuge into his mother Gaia's bosom, who grew a fig tree in his place. Syrinx ("pipe") Reeds: Naiads
Near the edges of the earth is a region inhabited by fantastical creatures, monsters, and quasi-human beings. [6] Once one reaches the ends of the earth they find it to be surrounded by and delimited by an ocean (), [7] [8] as is seen in the Babylonian Map of the World, although there is one main difference between the Babylonian and early Greek view: Oceanus is a river and so has an outer ...
A final threat to Zeus' power was to come in the form of the monster Typhon, son of Gaia and Tartarus. Zeus with his thunderbolt was quickly victorious, and Typhon was also imprisoned in Tartarus. [24] Zeus, by Gaia's advice, was elected king of the gods, and he distributed various honors among the gods. [25]
According to Hesiod's Theogony and Bibliotheca, Astraeus is a second-generation Titan descended from Crius and Eurybia. [3] However, Hyginus wrote that he was descended directly from Tartarus and Gaia and referred to him as one of the Gigantes.