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  2. Grapheme - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapheme

    By contrast, the analogical concept defines graphemes analogously to phonemes, i.e. via written minimal pairs such as shake vs. snake. In this example, h and n are graphemes because they distinguish two words. This analogical concept is associated with the autonomy hypothesis which holds that writing is a system in its own right and should be ...

  3. Phonogram (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonogram_(linguistics)

    A phonogram is a grapheme i.e. one or more written characters which represent a phoneme (speech sound), [1] rather than a bigger linguistic unit such as morphemes or words. [2] For example, "igh" is an English-language phonogram that represents the / aɪ / sound in "high".

  4. Emic and etic units - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emic_and_etic_units

    [a] It is by analogy with phoneme that other emic units, such as the morpheme and the grapheme, were named using the -eme suffix. The actual terms "emic unit" and "etic unit" were introduced in 1954 by Kenneth Pike. [3] The prefix allo-used in terms such as allophone is from the Ancient Greek: ἄλλος (allos, 'other').

  5. Phoneme - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoneme

    A phoneme is a sound or a group of different sounds perceived to have the same function by speakers of the language or dialect in question. An example is the English phoneme /k/, which occurs in words such as cat, kit, scat, skit.

  6. Writing system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing_system

    Graphemes are generally defined as minimally significant elements which, when taken together, comprise the set of symbols from which texts may be constructed. [14] All writing systems require a set of defined graphemes, collectively called a script. [15] The concept of the grapheme is similar to that of the phoneme used in the study of spoken ...

  7. Letter (alphabet) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_(alphabet)

    A letter is a type of grapheme, the smallest functional unit within a writing system. Letters are graphemes that broadly correspond to phonemes, the smallest functional units of sound in speech. Similarly to how phonemes are combined to form spoken words, letters may be combined to form written words.

  8. Phonics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonics

    Examples of other recognizable graphemes that allow students to construct rhyming word patterns are at, igh, ew, oo, ou and air. [95] More letter combinations or graphemes can be viewed in the table below to support students increasing ability to construct a rhyming word pattern of similar phonemes or speech sound:

  9. Orthographic depth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthographic_depth

    For example, the Korean word 훗일, which should be pronounced as [husil] based on standard pronunciations of the components of the grapheme, is actually pronounced as [hunnil]. Among the consonants of the Korean language, only one is always pronounced exactly as it is written. Italian offers clear examples of differential directionality in depth.