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The Maratha Confederacy, [a] also referred to as the Maratha Empire, [11] [12] [13] was an early modern polity in the Indian subcontinent. It comprised the realms of the Peshwa and four major independent Maratha states [ 14 ] [ 15 ] often subordinate to the former.
The Maratha Empire was founded by Shivaji. [46] He led a resistance against the Sultanate of Bijapur in 1645 by winning the fort Torna, followed by many more forts, placing the area under his control. He created an independent Maratha kingdom with Raigad as its capital [47] and successfully fought against the Mughals to defend his kingdom.
The resurgent Maratha Confederacy emerging from Maharashtra quickly repulsed the Mughals and subjugated them to the confines of Delhi.It was during this period they were at the doorsteps of the independent Bengal Subah, particularly Orissa.They conducted raids within Bengal and plundered cities and villages and caused widespread devastation.
The importance of Maratha forts waned after the fall of the Maratha Empire and the subsequent British annexation in the 19th century. Many forts were abandoned or repurposed by the British, leading to their gradual decay. Despite this, these forts remain significant symbols of Maharashtrian Culture.
The Deccan wars also known as Maratha war of independence [3] [4], were a series of military conflicts between the Mughal Empire and the descendants of the Maratha ruler Shivaji from the time of Shivaji's death in 1680 until the death of Emperor Aurangzeb in 1707. [5]
However, this did not deter the Marathas from conducting their annual raids on Janjira. [7] Fortification of Janjira. Shivaji became a vassal of the Mughal Empire following his defeat and surrender at the Battle of Purandar. In this capacity, he sought to capture the Janjira fort for the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. [9]
The Holkars (pronunciation: [ɦo(ː)ɭkəɾ]) were the ruling house of the Indore State of the Maratha Confederacy, and earlier held the rank of Subahdar under Peshwa Baji Rao I. When the Maratha Confederacy began to weaken due to internal clashes, the Holkars declared themselves the rulers of Indore in Central India , existing as an autonomous ...
In the Third Battle of Panipat, the Maratha Empire suffered a serious blow at the hands of the Muslim alliance of the Durrani Empire, Mughal Empire, under Prince Ali Gohar later known as (Shah Alam II) (r. 1760 – 1806)and his Nawab of Awadh, and Rohillas under Najib ad-Dawlah.