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A cluster in general is a group or bunch of several discrete items that are close to each other. The cluster diagram figures a cluster, such as a network diagram figures a network, a flow diagram a process or movement of objects, and a tree diagram an abstract tree. But all these diagrams can be considered interconnected: A network diagram can ...
The locally clustered graph (graphs in which every neighborhood is a cluster graph) are the diamond-free graphs, another family of graphs that contains the cluster graphs. When a cluster graph is formed from cliques that are all the same size, the overall graph is a homogeneous graph , meaning that every isomorphism between two of its induced ...
Example of a grouped (clustered) bar chart, one with horizontal bars. A bar chart or bar graph is a chart or graph that presents categorical data with rectangular bars with heights or lengths proportional to the values that they represent. The bars can be plotted vertically or horizontally.
A "clustering" is essentially a set of such clusters, usually containing all objects in the data set. Additionally, it may specify the relationship of the clusters to each other, for example, a hierarchy of clusters embedded in each other. Clusterings can be roughly distinguished as: Hard clustering: each object belongs to a cluster or not
Example of the typical "elbow" pattern used for choosing the number of clusters even emerging on uniform data. Even on uniform random data (with no meaningful clusters) the curve follows approximately the ratio 1/k where k is the number of clusters parameter, causing users to see an "elbow" to mistakenly choose some "optimal" number of clusters.
For a clustering example, suppose that five taxa (to ) have been clustered by UPGMA based on a matrix of genetic distances.The hierarchical clustering dendrogram would show a column of five nodes representing the initial data (here individual taxa), and the remaining nodes represent the clusters to which the data belong, with the arrows representing the distance (dissimilarity).
GOP lawmakers are framing the IRS's free tax filing system as an example of the "weaponization of government against Americans." Oleg Nikishin/Getty Images.
Some bar graphs present bars clustered in groups of more than one, showing the values of more than one measured variable. These clustered groups can be differentiated using color. For example; comparison of values, such as sales performance for several persons or businesses in a single time period. Variable-width bar chart relating: