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Particulate matter (PM), particularly PM2.5, was found to be harmful to aquatic invertebrates. [41] These aquatic invertebrates include fish, crustaceans, and Mollusca. In a study by Han et al, the effects of PM<2.5 micrometers on life history traits and oxidative stress were observed in Tigriopus japonicus.
This list contains the top 500 cities by PM2.5 annual mean concentration measurement as documented by the World Health Organization covering the period from 2010 to 2022. The January 2024 version of the WHO database contains results of ambient (outdoor) air pollution monitoring from almost 5,390 towns and cities in 63 countries.
Types of atmospheric particles include suspended particulate matter; thoracic and respirable particles; [4] inhalable coarse particles, designated PM 10, which are coarse particles with a diameter of 10 micrometers (μm) or less; fine particles, designated PM 2.5, with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less; [5] ultrafine particles, with a diameter of ...
PM2.5 stands for particulate matter 2.5 microns or smaller. A micron, also known as a micrometer, is a unit of length that measures one millionth of a meter (basically, ...
For example, the yearly averages of NO 2, PM 10 and PM 2.5 are divided by 40 μg/m 3, 40 μg/m 3 and 20 μg/m 3, respectively. The overall background or traffic YACAQI for a city is the arithmetic mean of a defined subset of these sub-indices. [22]
In the UK, for example, there are over 200 sites where NO 2 is continuously monitored by chemiluminescence. [44] Air monitoring stations sample and measure multiple pollutants. This station in Reno, Nevada, monitors carbon monoxide, ozone, fine and coarse particulates (PM 2.5 and PM 10), and nitrogen dioxide.
For example, industries are urging Trump to reconsider and relax the Biden administration’s new rule for fine particulate matter known as PM 2.5, or soot.
PM can be different sizes, such as PM 2.5 which are tiny particles of 2.5 microns in width or smaller, compared with PM 10 which are classified as 10 microns in diameter or less. A study in California found that increased exposure to PM 2.5 led to decreased sperm motility and increased abnormal morphology.