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Augury was a Greco-Roman religion practice of observing the behavior of birds, to receive omens. When the individual, known as the augur , read these signs, it was referred to as "taking the auspices".
Ornithomancy (modern term from Greek ornis "bird" and manteia "divination"; in Ancient Greek: οἰωνίζομαι "take omens from the flight and cries of birds") is the practice of reading omens from the actions of birds followed in many ancient cultures including the Greeks, and is equivalent to the augury employed by the ancient Romans.
A contronym is alternatively called an autantonym, auto-antonym, antagonym, [3] [4] enantiodrome, ... within the respective Roman and Greek traditions of augury. [26]
The occult is a category of supernatural beliefs and practices, encompassing such phenomena as those involving mysticism, spirituality, and magic in terms of any otherworldly agency.
The effectiveness of augury could only be judged retrospectively; the divinely ordained condition of peace (pax deorum) was an outcome of successful augury. Those whose actions had led to divine wrath ( ira deorum ) could not have possessed a true right of augury ( ius augurum ). [ 9 ]
The word has three closely related meanings in augury: the observing of signs by an augur or other diviner; the process of observing, recording, and establishing the meaning of signs over time; and the codified body of knowledge accumulated by systematic observation, that is, "unbending rules" regarded as objective, or external to an individual ...
Textual evidence for Etruscan divination comes from an Etruscan inscription: the priest Laris Pulenas' (250–200 BCE) epitaph mentions a book he wrote on haruspicy. A collection of sacred texts called the Etrusca disciplina, written in Etruscan, were essentially guides on different forms of divination, including haruspicy and augury. [8]
Hydromancy may interpret the color, ebb and flow, or ripples of perturbed water. Hydromancy (Ancient Greek ὑδρομαντεία, water-divination, [1] from ὕδωρ, water, [1] and μαντεία, divination [1]) is a method of divination by means of water, including the color, ebb and flow, or ripples produced by pebbles dropped in a pool.